http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nan.12082/abstract
Keywords:
- Brain ischaemia. Neurogenesis. Neurotransmitters. Glutamate. Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs). Neurorepair
Abstract
Brain
ischaemia and reperfusion produce alterations in the microenvironment
of the parenchyma, including ATP depletion, ionic homeostasis
alterations, inflammation, release of multiple cytokines and abnormal
release of neurotransmitters. As a consequence, the induction of
proliferation and migration of neural stem cells is redirected towards
the peri-infarct region. The success of new neurorestorative treatments
for damaged brain implies the need to describe with greater accuracy the
mechanisms in charge of regulating adult neurogenesis, both under
physiological and pathological conditions. Recent evidence demonstrates
that many neurotransmitters, glutamate in particular, control the
subventricular zone (SVZ), thus being part of the complex signal network
that exerts a remarkable influence on the production of new neurons.
Neurotransmitters provide a link between brain activity and SVZ
neurogenesis. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of the role of
neurotransmitters systems, such as glutamate and its transporters, in
adult neurogenesis, may prove a valuable tool to be utilised as a
neurorestorative therapy in this pathology.
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