http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612316301820
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The
replacement of lost neurons in the brain due to injury or disease holds
great promise for the treatment of neurological disorders. However,
logistical and ethical hurdles in obtaining and maintaining viable cells
for transplantation have proven difficult to overcome. In vivo
reprogramming offers an alternative, to bypass many of the restrictions
associated with an exogenous cell source as it relies on a source of
cells already present in the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated the
possibility to target and reprogram glial cells into functional neurons
with high efficiency in the murine brain, using virally delivered
transcription factors. In this chapter, we explore the different
populations of glial cells, how they react to injury and how they can be
exploited for reprogramming purposes. Further, we review the most
significant publications and how they have contributed to the
understanding of key aspects in direct reprogramming needed to take into
consideration, like timing, cell type targeted, and regional
differences. Finally, we discuss future challenges and what remains to
be explored in order to determine the potential of in vivo reprogramming
for future brain repair.
Keywords
- In vivo reprogramming;
- Direct neuronal reprogramming;
- Glial cells;
- Reactive astrocytes;
- NG2 glia;
- Brain repair
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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