Useless, ABSOLUTELY NOTHING on how to fix speech problems. The goal of stroke research is interventions that work, NOT statements that further research is needed.
Analysing Patients Shortly After Stroke Can Help Link Brain Regions to Speech Functions
Analysing the brains of stroke victims just days after the stroke allows researchers to link various speech functions to different parts of the brain, a breakthrough that may lead to better treatment and recovery, according to a study published in the journal Brain.Tatiana Schnur, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and colleagues evaluated the spontaneous language production of 65 patients who experienced a stroke by using storytelling. For the experiment, the patients were read the story of Cinderella and were then asked to retell it. The researchers used the Quantitative Production Analysis method and relied on 13 different measures for evaluation, including words per minute, types of words, and sentence length and formation.
They found that by evaluating patients between 1 and 13 days post-stroke, they were able to identify how different and critical components related to language production linked up with different regions of the brain. The researchers used cutting-edge techniques to relate the brain areas damaged in each individual to the degree of their impairment on these language-production measures. Specifically, they found that retrieving words and putting them into increasingly complex sentences relied on the left temporal and parietal lobes, while producing grammatical aspects of sentences relied on the left frontal lobe.
According to the authors, there are only a few other studies that have looked at patients with stroke in the acute stage, but those focused on ability to produce single words rather than providing a detailed analysis of language production. The majority of studies look at patients in the chronic stage of recovery, which is at least 6 months after the stroke. At that time, considerable reorganisation of language function in the brain may have occurred. Also, studying individuals at the acute stage allows for studying those with smaller areas of damage. Those with small lesions are likely to recover and thus not included in studies of chronic stroke, and examining these people allows for a more precise mapping between areas damaged and language abilities.
“Many patients in the chronic stage of stroke have significantly worse brain damage than acute patients and have plateaued with their recovery,” said co-author Randi Martin, Rice University, Houston, Texas. “Their brains cannot be evaluated in the same way as acute stroke patients.”
Future work will look at these same individuals at different stages during their first year of the recovery process. One important issue will be to determine what areas of brain damage and what language abilities will predict performance 1 year after stroke.
Martin hopes this work will help better understand how different brain regions recover from stroke. She expects the work will be useful in the design of treatment options for patients who have experienced a stroke, including early interventions that may boost long-term recovery.
Reference: https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/3/862/5802616
SOURCE: Rice University
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