http://journals.lww.com/clinicalneurophys/Abstract/2016/06000/The_Pathophysiology_of_Delayed_Cerebral_Ischemia.2.aspx
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Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology:
doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000273
Invited Review
The Pathophysiology of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
Foreman, Brandon
Summary: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects 30,000
people in the Unites States alone each year. Delayed cerebral ischemia
occurs days after subarachnoid hemorrhage and represents a potentially
treatable cause of morbidity for approximately one-third of those who
survive the initial hemorrhage. While vasospasm has been traditionally
linked to the development of cerebral ischemia several days after
subarachnoid hemorrhage, emerging evidence reveals that delayed cerebral
ischemia is part of a much more complicated post–subarachnoid
hemorrhage syndrome. The development of delayed cerebral ischemia
involves early arteriolar vasospasm with microthrombosis, perfusion
mismatch and neurovascular uncoupling, spreading depolarizations, and
inflammatory responses that begin at the time of the hemorrhage and
evolve over time, culminating in cortical infarction. Large-vessel
vasospasm is likely a late contributor to ongoing injury, and effective
treatment for delayed cerebral ischemia will require improved detection
of critical early pathophysiologic changes as well as therapeutic
options that target multiple related pathways.
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