Deans' stroke musings: Effect of Exhaust- and Nonexhaust-Related Components of Particulate Matter on Long-Term Survival After Stroke

Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Tuesday, November 29, 2016

Effect of Exhaust- and Nonexhaust-Related Components of Particulate Matter on Long-Term Survival After Stroke

It is obvious that after your stroke you can no longer live in a polluted city unless your doctor gives you other interventions that neutralize that risk.
Like maybe a 307% stroke risk reduction from these 11 possibilities?
Effect of Exhaust- and Nonexhaust-Related Components of Particulate Matter on Long-Term Survival After Stroke

, , Uy Hoang, Benjamin Barratt, Sean D. Beevers, Frank J. Kelly and Charles D.A. Wolfe

http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014242

Stroke. 2016;47:2916-2922

Originally published November 3, 2016

Abstract

Background and Purpose—Outdoor air pollution represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for stroke. We examined the link between ambient pollution and mortality up to 5 years poststroke, especially for pollutants associated with vehicle exhaust.

Methods—Data from the South London Stroke Register, a population-based register covering an urban, multiethnic population, were used. Hazard ratios (HR) for a 1 interquartile range increase in particulate matter <2.5 µm diameter (PM_2.5) and PM <10 µm (PM₁₀) were estimated poststroke using Cox regression, overall and broken down into exhaust and nonexhaust components. Analysis was stratified for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and was further broken down by Oxford Community Stroke Project classification.

Results—The hazard of death associated with PM_2.5 up to 5 years after stroke was significantly elevated (P=0.006) for all strokes (HR=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.53) and ischemic strokes (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.62). Within ischemic subtypes, PM_2.5 pollution increased mortality risk for total anterior circulation infarcts by 2-fold (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.17–3.48; P=0.012) and by 78% for lacunar infarcts (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18–2.66; P=0.006). PM₁₀ pollution was associated with 45% increased mortality risk for lacunar infarct strokes (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00; P=0.022). Separating PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ into exhaust and nonexhaust components did not show increased mortality.

Conclusions—Exposure to certain outdoor PM pollution, particularly PM_2.5, increased mortality risk poststroke up to 5 years after the initial stroke.