Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain

 Didn't your competent?doctor figure out these needs a decade ago?

• axon pathfinding (35 posts to March 2012)

And of course your competent? doctor six years ago figured out what to do with semaphorins to get you recovered!

Do you prefer your  doctor and hospital incompetence NOT KNOWING? OR NOT DOING?

 Semaphorins and their Signaling Mechanisms January 2018

From there: 

Early studies revealed that semaphorins function as axon guidance molecules,(We need this to have our damaged white matter do the connections needed.)

Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain

• Chikako Nakajima,
• Masato Sawada,
• Erika Umeda,
• Yuma Takagi,
• Norihiko Nakashima,
• Kazuya Kuboyama,
• Naoko Kaneko,
• Satoaki Yamamoto,
• Haruno Nakamura,
• Naoki Shimada,
• Koichiro Nakamura,
• Kumiko Matsuno,
• Shoji Uesugi,
• Nynke A. Vepřek,
• Florian Küllmer,
• Veselin Nasufović,
• Hironobu Uchiyama,
• Masaru Nakada,
• Yuji Otsuka,
• Yasuyuki Ito,
• Vicente Herranz-Pérez,
• José Manuel García-Verdugo,
• Nobuhiko Ohno,
• Hans-Dieter Arndt,
• …
• Kazunobu Sawamoto 

Nature Communications volume 15, Article number: 1877 (2024) Cite this article

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Abstract

Axonal growth cones mediate axonal guidance and growth regulation. We show that migrating neurons in mice possess a growth cone at the tip of their leading process, similar to that of axons, in terms of the cytoskeletal dynamics and functional responsivity through protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type sigma (PTPσ). Migrating-neuron growth cones respond to chondroitin sulfate (CS) through PTPσ and collapse, which leads to inhibition of neuronal migration. In the presence of CS, the growth cones can revert to their extended morphology when their leading filopodia interact with heparan sulfate (HS), thus re-enabling neuronal migration. Implantation of an HS-containing biomaterial in the CS-rich injured cortex promotes the extension of the growth cone and improve the migration and regeneration of neurons, thereby enabling functional recovery. Thus, the growth cone of migrating neurons is responsive to extracellular environments and acts as a primary regulator of neuronal migration.