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Abstract
Much work has been carried out in
recent years showing that elevated glutamate levels in the extracellular
environment of the central nervous system play a pivotal role in
neurodegeneration in acute CNS injuries. With the elucidation of the
mechanism governing glutamate excitotoxicity, researchers are devising
therapeutic strategies to target different parts of the pathway which
begins with glutamate accumulation and ultimately results in neuronal
cell death. In this article, we review some of the major classes of
agents that are currently being investigated and highlight some of the
key studies for each. Glutamate scavenging is a relatively new approach
that directly decreases glutamate levels in the brain, thus preventing
excitotoxicity. Nitric oxide inhibitors and free radical scavengers are
more well-studied strategies that continue to yield promising results.
M. Jia and S. A. Noutong Njapa are co-first authors of this work.
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