Not sure if this would apply to me, most of my primary motor cortex is dead and so is a good chunk of my pre-motor cortex. So if I'm doing mirror therapy what am I trying to activate? Ok, on second reading it looks like I would be trying to have the good left side of my brain try to control my left side. And at the end they totally punted when they suggested further studies. Wait another 10-20 years before research finally comes up with mirror therapy protocols. THAT IS HOW BAD STROKE LEADERSHIP IS, THERE IS NONE!
Role of kinaesthetic motor imagery in mirror-induced visual illusion as intervention in post-stroke rehabilitation
Abstract
Mirror-induced
visual illusion obtained through mirror therapy is widely used to
facilitate motor recovery after stroke. Activation of primary motor
cortex (M1) ipsilateral to the moving limb has been reported during
mirror-induced visual illusion. However, the mechanism through which the
mirror illusion elicits motor execution processes without movements
observed in the mirrored limb remains unclear. This study aims to review
evidence based on brain imaging studies for testing the hypothesis that
neural processes associated with kinaesthetic motor imagery are
attributed to ipsilateral M1 activation. Four electronic databases were
searched. Studies on functional brain imaging, investigating the instant
effects of mirror-induced visual illusion among stroke survivors and
healthy participants were included. Thirty-five studies engaging 78
stroke survivors and 396 healthy participants were reviewed. Results of
functional brain scans (n = 20) indicated that half of the studies
(n = 10, 50%) reported significant changes in the activation of
ipsilateral M1, which mediates motor preparation and execution. Other
common neural substrates included primary somatosensory cortex (45%,
kinaesthesia), precuneus (40%, image generation and self-processing
operations) and cerebellum (20%, motor control). Similar patterns of
ipsilateral M1 activations were observed in the two groups. These neural
substrates mediated the generation, maintenance, and manipulation of
motor-related images, which were the key processes in kinaesthetic motor
imagery. Relationships in terms of shared neural substrates and mental
processes between mirror-induced visual illusion and kinaesthetic motor
imagery generate new evidence on the role of the latter in mirror
therapy. Future studies should investigate the imagery processes in
illusion training for post-stroke patients.
KEYWORDS:
mental processes; mirror therapy; neural substrates; precuneus; primary motor cortex; stroke- PMID:
- 32229682
- DOI:
- 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0106
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