A comparative study of NONOate based NO donors: Spermine NONOate is the best suited NO donor for angiogenesis

We need angiogenesis so demand your doctor use this to create a stroke protocol. You do expect your doctor to actually do some work for all the money you are paying?
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089860313003418

• Syamantak Majumder^a,
• Swaraj Sinha^a,
• Jamila H Siamwala^a,
• Ajit Muley^a,
• Himabindu Reddy S^a,
• Gopi Krishna Kolluru^a,
• Vimal Veriah^a,
• Shunmugam Nagarajan^a,
• Sree Rama Chaitanya Sridhara^a,
• M. Krishna Priya^a,
• Maniselvan Kuppusamy^a,
• Sundaramoorthy Srinivasan^a,
• Salini Konikkat^a,
• Gowrishankar Soundararajan^a,
• S. Venkataraman^b,
• Uttara Saran^a,
• Suvro Chatterjee^{a, ,}

• ^a Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
• ^b Department of Pharmacology, C. L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India

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Highlights

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Time based availability of nitric oxide defines angiogenesis pattern.

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Differential release pattern of nitric oxide models angiogenesis differentially.

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Spermine NONOate is best suited nitric oxide donor for optimal angiogenesis.

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a known modulator of angiogenesis. The NONOate subfamily of NO donors has long been used in experimental and clinical studies to promote angiogenesis. However, no studies have been conducted yet to compare the angiogenesis potential of these NO donors in respect to their pattern of NO release. We hypothesize that having different pattern of NO release, each of the NO donors in NONOate subfamily can promote key stages of angiogenesis in differential manner. To verify our hypothesis, NO donors with half life ranging from seconds to several hours and having very different pattern of NO release were selected to evaluate their efficacy in modulating angiogenesis. Endothelial tube formation using EAhy926 cells was maximally increased by Spermine NONOate (SP) treatment. SP treatment maximally induced both ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis using egg yolk and cotton plug angiogenesis models respectively. Experiment using chick embryo partial ischemia model revealed SP as the best suited NO donor to recover ischemia driven hampered angiogenesis. The present study elaborated that differential release pattern of NO by different NO donors can modulate angiogenesis differentially and also suggested that SP have a unique pattern of NO release that best fits for angiogenesis.