Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Wednesday, November 27, 2013

The Cytokine Network of Wallerian Degeneration: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1α, and Interleukin-1β

This is the best I can do Elizabeth, your doctor should know whom to ask to explain it.
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/8/3052.short
Full 9 pages at the link.

Abstract

Wallerian degeneration (WD) is the inflammatory response of the nervous system to axonal injury, primarily attributable to the production of cytokines, the mediator molecules of inflammation. We presently document the involvement of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-1β in peripheral nerve (PNS) injury in C57/BL/6NHSD (C57/BL) mice that display the normal rapid progression of WD (rapid-WD) and C57/BL/6-WLD/OLA/NHSD mice that display abnormal slow progression of WD (slow-WD). TNFα and IL-1α mRNAs were expressed, whereas TNFα but not IL-1α protein was synthesized in intact PNS of C57/BL mice. TNFα and IL-1α protein synthesis and secretion were rapidly upregulated during rapid-WD in Schwann cells. IL-1β mRNA expression and protein synthesis and secretion were induced sequentially in Schwann cells with a delay after injury. Thereafter, recruited macrophages contributed to the production of TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β, which in turn augmented myelin phagocytosis by macrophages. Observations suggest that TNFα and IL-1α are the first cytokines with protein production that is upregulated during rapid-WD. TNFα and IL-1α may initiate, therefore, molecular and cellular events in rapid-WD (e.g., the production of additional cytokines and NGF). TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β may further regulate, indirectly, macrophage recruitment, myelin removal, regeneration, and neuropathic pain. In contrast to rapid-WD, the production of TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β protein was deficient in slow-WD, although their mRNAs were expressed. mRNA expression and protein production of TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β were differentially regulated during rapid-WD and slow-WD, suggesting that mRNA expression, by itself, is no indication of the functional involvement of cytokines in WD.

1 comment:

  1. Thanks Dean!! This is pretty technical but, I think it's explaining why my one and two year MRIs show "early" wd. I had wondered and asked the doctors why it was early nearly 2years later. The research I found said that WD is associated with worse outcomes...so I just feel lucky to be as good as I am. :-)

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