Neuroprotective Potential of Aromatic Herbs: Rosemary, Sage, and Lavender

Has your hospital been incompetent in not having these aromatic herbs years ago? Why does your board of directors allow such incompetence in themselves and the stroke staff to continue for years at a time?

• rosemary (7 posts to June 2014)

• sage (2 posts to April 2016)

• lavender (3 posts to June 2014)

 

Oops, I'm not playing by the polite rules of Dale Carnegie,  'How to Win Friends and Influence People'. 

Telling supposedly smart stroke medical persons they know nothing about stroke is a no-no even if it is true. 

Politeness will never solve anything in stroke. Yes, I'm a bomb thrower and proud of it. Someday a stroke 'leader' will try to ream me out for making them look bad by being truthful, I look forward to that day.

The latest here:

Neuroprotective Potential of Aromatic Herbs: Rosemary, Sage, and Lavender

Arezoo Faridzadeh^1,2, Yasaman Salimi³, Hamidreza Ghasemirad⁴, Meraj Kargar⁵, Ava Rashtchian⁶, Golnaz Mahmoudvand⁷, Mohammad Amin Karimi⁸, Nasibeh Zerangian⁹, Negar Jahani¹⁰, Anahita Masoudi¹¹, Bahare Sadeghian Dastjerdi¹², Marieh Salavatizedeh¹³, Hamidreza Sadeghsalehi¹⁴ and Niloofar Deravi^6*

• ¹Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
• ²Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
• ³Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
• ⁴Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
• ⁵Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
• ⁶Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ⁷Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
• ⁸School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ⁹School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ¹⁰Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
• ¹¹Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
• ¹²Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
• ¹³Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ¹⁴Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer from neurological disorders or have experienced them intermittently, which has significantly reduced their quality of life. The common treatments for neurological disorders are relatively expensive and may lead to a wide variety of side effects including sleep attacks, gastrointestinal side effects, blood pressure changes, etc. On the other hand, several herbal medications have attracted colossal popularity worldwide in the recent years due to their availability, affordable prices, and few side effects. Aromatic plants, sage (Salvia officinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) have already shown anxiolytics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. They have also shown potential in treating common neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and cognitive disorders. This review summarizes the data on the neuroprotective potential of aromatic herbs, sage, lavender, and rosemary.

Introduction

A neurological disorder is described as any condition that results in functional or structural damage to the nervous system. Neurological disorders account for the second main cause of death globally and the first main cause of disability as they typically cause cognitive impairment or sensorimotor dysfunction leading to reduced quality of daily life. Due to the high mortality and morbidity rate of neurological disorders, preventive and therapeutic strategies are crucial. The conventional medications administered for treating neurological disorders are associated with different adverse events; hence, the possible therapeutic effects of natural products on neurological conditions have been addressed by many researchers in the recent years (Ahmadi et al., 2022). A variety of herbal medications have gained the attraction of researchers in the last decade, due to their availability, lower price, and rare side effects (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2016).

Aromatic herbs such as sage (Salvia officinalis), rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) have shown promising neuroprotective effects in the recent studies (Kashani et al., 2011; Jamison, 2012; Jemia et al., 2013; Alvi et al., 2019; Mohseni et al., 2020; Caputo et al., 2021). Salvia Rosmarinus is an evergreen herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Salvia Rosmarinus naturally grows in dry scrub and rocky areas in the Mediterranean regions of southern Europe to western Asia and has potential antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory features (Leporini et al., 2020). The therapeutic effects of Salvia Rosmarinus on a variety of cognitive disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and epilepsy have been suggested (Park et al., 2008; de Oliveira et al., 2016; Giacomelli et al., 2016; El Alaoui et al., 2017; Yildirim and Kitis, 2020). Lavandula angustifolia is a well-known aromatic herb in the Lamiaceae family. Lavandula angustifolia is native to the Mediterranean areas with antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects (Erland and Mahmoud, 2016). Neuroprotective properties of Lavandula angustifolia have been described in the literature. Dementia, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and migraine have been found to respond to treatment with Lavandula angustifolia (Arzi et al., 2011; Sasannejad et al., 2012; Hancianu et al., 2013; Caputo et al., 2016, 2021; Nikolova et al., 2016; Chan et al., 2020). Salvia officinalis is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is indigenous to the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. Salvia officinalis has been traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of disorders such as seizures, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, and inflammation (Ghorbani and Esmaeilizadeh, 2017). The effects of Salvia officinalis on different neurological disorders such as cognitive deficits, glioblastoma, neurotoxicity, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke have been reported (Iuvone et al., 2006; Kennedy et al., 2011; Seyedemadi et al., 2016; Li et al., 2018; Choukairi et al., 2020). This study aims to summarize the data on the neuroprotective potential of sage, lavender, and rosemary.

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