http://www.springerlink.com/content/63072246572u47q4/
Abstract
Recruitment
of inflammatory cells is known to drive the secondary damage cascades
that are common to injuries of the central
nervous system (CNS). Cell activation and infiltration to
the injury site is orchestrated by changes in the expression of
chemokines, the chemoattractive cytokines. Reducing the
numbers of recruited inflammatory cells by the blocking of the action
of chemokines has turned out be a promising approach to
diminish neuroinflammation and to improve tissue preservation and
neovascularization. In addition, several chemokines have
been shown to be essential for stem/progenitor cell attraction, their
survival, differentiation and cytokine production. Thus,
chemokines might indirectly participate in remyelination,
neovascularization
and neuroprotection, which are important prerequisites for
CNS repair after trauma. Moreover, CXCL12 promotes neurite outgrowth
in the presence of growth inhibitory CNS myelin and enhances
axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we review
current knowledge about the exciting functions of chemokines
in CNS trauma, including SCI, traumatic brain injury and stroke.
We identify common principles of chemokine action and
discuss the potentials and challenges of therapeutic interventions with
chemokines.
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