This is too easy to solve. The people that
need motivation are stroke doctors, researchers, and hospitals to
actually get off their asses and solve stroke. 100% recovery.
Survivors wouldn't need motivation if you had 100% recovery protocols. They would be too busy doing the reps needed to recover. Knowing EXACTLY what needs to be done to recover would be motivation enough. Get away from useless guidelines and this motivation problem goes away.
Design strategies to improve patient motivation during robot-aided rehabilitation
RobertoColombo*
1
, FabrizioPisano
2
, AlessandraMazzone
1
, CarmenDelconte
2
, SilvestroMicera
3
, M ChiaraCarrozza
3
, PaoloDario
3
and GiuseppeMinuco
1
Address:
1
Service of Bioengineering, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Via Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno (NO), Italy,
2
Division of Neurology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Via Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno (NO), Italy and
3
ARTS Lab Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna V.le Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy Email: RobertoColombo*-rcolombo@fsm.it; FabrizioPisano-fpisano@fsm.it; AlessandraMazzone-amazzone@fsm.it; CarmenDelconte-cdelconte@fsm.it; SilvestroMicera-micera@sssup.it; M ChiaraCarrozza-carrozza@sssup.it; PaoloDario-dario@sssup.it; GiuseppeMinuco-gminuco@fsm.it * Corresponding author
Motivation is an important factor in rehabilitation and frequently used as a determinant of rehabilitation outcome. Several factors can influence patient motivation and so improve exercise adherence. This paper presents the design of two robot devices for use in the rehabilitation of upper limb movements, that can motivate patients during the execution of the assigned motor tasks by enhancing the gaming aspects of rehabilitation. In addition, a regular review of the obtained performance can reinforce in patients' minds the importance of exercising and encourage them to continue, so improving their motivation and consequently adherence to the program. In view of this, we also developed an evaluation metric that could characterize the rate of improvement and quantify the changes in the obtained performance.
Methods:
Two groups (G1, n = 8 and G2, n = 12) of patients with chronic stroke were enrolled in a 3-week rehabilitation program including standard physical therapy (45 min. daily) plus treatment by means of robot devices (40 min., twice daily) respectively for wrist (G1) and elbow-shoulder movements (G2). Both groups were evaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and the new robot measured evaluation metric. Patients' motivation was assessed in 9/12 G2 patients by means of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire.
Results:
Both groups reduced their motor deficit and showed a significant improvement in clinical scales and the robot measured parameters. The IMI assessed in G2 patients showed high scores for interest, usefulness and importance subscales and low values for tension and pain subscales.
Conclusion:
Thanks to the design features of the two robot devices the therapist could easily adapt training tothe individual by selecting different difficulty levels of the motor task tailored to each patient's disability. The gaming aspects incorporated in the two rehabilitation robots helped maintain patients' interest high during execution of the assigned tasks by providing feedback on performance. The evaluation metric gave a precise measure of patients' performance and thus provides a tool to help therapists promote patient motivation and hence adherence to the training program.
Published: 19 February 2007
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
2007,
4
:3doi:10.1186/1743-0003-4-3Received: 31 March 2006Accepted: 19 February 2007This article is available from: http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/4/1/3© 2007 Colombo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background:
Motivation is an important factor in rehabilitation and frequently used as a determinant of rehabilitation outcome. Several factors can influence patient motivation and so improve exercise adherence. Thispaper presents the design of two robot devices for use in the rehabilitation of upper limb movements, that canmotivate patients during the execution of the assigned motor tasks by enhancing the gaming aspects of rehabilitation. In addition, a regular review of the obtained performance can reinforce in patients' minds theimportance of exercising and encourage them to continue, so improving their motivation and consequentlyadherence to the program. In view of this, we also developed an evaluation metric that could characterize therate of improvement and quantify the changes in the obtained performance.
Methods:
Two groups (G1, n = 8 and G2, n = 12) of patients with chronic stroke were enrolled in a 3-week rehabilitation program including standard physical therapy (45 min. daily) plus treatment by means of robotdevices (40 min., twice daily) respectively for wrist (G1) and elbow-shoulder movements (G2). Both groups wereevaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and the new robot measured evaluation metric. Patients'motivation was assessed in 9/12 G2 patients by means of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire.
Results:
Both groups reduced their motor deficit and showed a significant improvement in clinical scales and therobot measured parameters. The IMI assessed in G2 patients showed high scores for interest, usefulness andimportance subscales and low values for tension and pain subscales.
Conclusion:
Thanks to the design features of the two robot devices the therapist could easily adapt training tothe individual by selecting different difficulty levels of the motor task tailored to each patient's disability. Thegaming aspects incorporated in the two rehabilitation robots helped maintain patients' interest high duringexecution of the assigned tasks by providing feedback on performance. The evaluation metric gave a precisemeasure of patients' performance and thus provides a tool to help therapists promote patient motivation andhence adherence to the training program.
1
, FabrizioPisano
2
, AlessandraMazzone
1
, CarmenDelconte
2
, SilvestroMicera
3
, M ChiaraCarrozza
3
, PaoloDario
3
and GiuseppeMinuco
1
Address:
1
Service of Bioengineering, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Via Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno (NO), Italy,
2
Division of Neurology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Via Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno (NO), Italy and
3
ARTS Lab Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna V.le Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy Email: RobertoColombo*-rcolombo@fsm.it; FabrizioPisano-fpisano@fsm.it; AlessandraMazzone-amazzone@fsm.it; CarmenDelconte-cdelconte@fsm.it; SilvestroMicera-micera@sssup.it; M ChiaraCarrozza-carrozza@sssup.it; PaoloDario-dario@sssup.it; GiuseppeMinuco-gminuco@fsm.it * Corresponding author
Abstract
Background:Motivation is an important factor in rehabilitation and frequently used as a determinant of rehabilitation outcome. Several factors can influence patient motivation and so improve exercise adherence. This paper presents the design of two robot devices for use in the rehabilitation of upper limb movements, that can motivate patients during the execution of the assigned motor tasks by enhancing the gaming aspects of rehabilitation. In addition, a regular review of the obtained performance can reinforce in patients' minds the importance of exercising and encourage them to continue, so improving their motivation and consequently adherence to the program. In view of this, we also developed an evaluation metric that could characterize the rate of improvement and quantify the changes in the obtained performance.
Methods:
Two groups (G1, n = 8 and G2, n = 12) of patients with chronic stroke were enrolled in a 3-week rehabilitation program including standard physical therapy (45 min. daily) plus treatment by means of robot devices (40 min., twice daily) respectively for wrist (G1) and elbow-shoulder movements (G2). Both groups were evaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and the new robot measured evaluation metric. Patients' motivation was assessed in 9/12 G2 patients by means of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire.
Results:
Both groups reduced their motor deficit and showed a significant improvement in clinical scales and the robot measured parameters. The IMI assessed in G2 patients showed high scores for interest, usefulness and importance subscales and low values for tension and pain subscales.
Conclusion:
Thanks to the design features of the two robot devices the therapist could easily adapt training tothe individual by selecting different difficulty levels of the motor task tailored to each patient's disability. The gaming aspects incorporated in the two rehabilitation robots helped maintain patients' interest high during execution of the assigned tasks by providing feedback on performance. The evaluation metric gave a precise measure of patients' performance and thus provides a tool to help therapists promote patient motivation and hence adherence to the training program.
Published: 19 February 2007
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
2007,
4
:3doi:10.1186/1743-0003-4-3Received: 31 March 2006Accepted: 19 February 2007This article is available from: http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/4/1/3© 2007 Colombo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background:
Motivation is an important factor in rehabilitation and frequently used as a determinant of rehabilitation outcome. Several factors can influence patient motivation and so improve exercise adherence. Thispaper presents the design of two robot devices for use in the rehabilitation of upper limb movements, that canmotivate patients during the execution of the assigned motor tasks by enhancing the gaming aspects of rehabilitation. In addition, a regular review of the obtained performance can reinforce in patients' minds theimportance of exercising and encourage them to continue, so improving their motivation and consequentlyadherence to the program. In view of this, we also developed an evaluation metric that could characterize therate of improvement and quantify the changes in the obtained performance.
Methods:
Two groups (G1, n = 8 and G2, n = 12) of patients with chronic stroke were enrolled in a 3-week rehabilitation program including standard physical therapy (45 min. daily) plus treatment by means of robotdevices (40 min., twice daily) respectively for wrist (G1) and elbow-shoulder movements (G2). Both groups wereevaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and the new robot measured evaluation metric. Patients'motivation was assessed in 9/12 G2 patients by means of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire.
Results:
Both groups reduced their motor deficit and showed a significant improvement in clinical scales and therobot measured parameters. The IMI assessed in G2 patients showed high scores for interest, usefulness andimportance subscales and low values for tension and pain subscales.
Conclusion:
Thanks to the design features of the two robot devices the therapist could easily adapt training tothe individual by selecting different difficulty levels of the motor task tailored to each patient's disability. Thegaming aspects incorporated in the two rehabilitation robots helped maintain patients' interest high duringexecution of the assigned tasks by providing feedback on performance. The evaluation metric gave a precisemeasure of patients' performance and thus provides a tool to help therapists promote patient motivation andhence adherence to the training program.
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