http://jgp.sagepub.com/content/27/3/147?etoc
- Annemieke De Ryck, MScN1,2⇑
- Raf Brouns, MD, PhD3
- Marleen Geurden, MScN1,2
- Monique Elseviers, PhD1,4
- Peter P. De Deyn, MD, PhD2,5,6
- Sebastiaan Engelborghs, MD, PhD2,6
- 1Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- 2Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
- 3Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- 4Heymans Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 5Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- 6Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Annemieke De Ryck, Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium. Email: annemieke.deryck@student.uantwerpen.be
Abstract
Objective: Depression
after stroke or poststroke depression (PSD) has a negative impact on the
rehabilitation process and the associated
rehabilitation outcome. Consequently, defining
risk factors for development of PSD is important. The relationship
between
stroke and depression is described extensively
in the available literature, but the results are inconsistent. The aim
of this
systematic review is to outline conflicting
evidence on risk factors for PSD.
Methods: PubMed,
Medline, and Web of Knowledge were searched using the keywords “stroke,”
“depression,” and “risk factor” for articles
published between January 01, 1995, and
September 30, 2012. Additional articles were identified and obtained
from a hand search
in related articles and reference lists.
Results: A total of 66
article abstracts were identified by the search strategy and 24
articles were eligible for inclusion based
on predefined quality criteria. The methodology
varies greatly between the various studies, which is probably
responsible
for major differences in risk factors for PSD
reported in the literature. The most frequently cited risk factors for
PSD in
the literature are sex (female), history of
depression, stroke severity, functional impairments or level of
handicap, level
of independence, and family and social support.
Conclusions: Many risk
factors are investigated over the last 2 decades and large controversy
exists concerning risk factors for development
of PSD. These contradictions may largely be
reduced to major differences in clinical data, study population, and
methodology,
which underline the need for more synchronized
studies.
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