Molecular Mechanisms of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Neuro- protection: Recent Developments

BDNF is good for our recovery. What the hell is your doctors' protocol to ensure your levels are good and you are getting enough?

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899317301440

• Hailin Zhao^a,
• Azeem Alam^a,
• Chun-Yin San^a,
• Shiori Eguchi^a,
• Qian Chen^{a, c, ,} ,
• Qingquan Lian^b,
• Daqing Ma^{a, ,}

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http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.029

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Highlights

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Neuronal cell injury is the primary pathological mechanism responsible for most types of brain injury.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury.

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BDNF is involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

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Targeting BDNF can be applied in clinical settings and can serve as a new therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury.

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Abstract

Neuronal cell injury, as a consequence of acute or chronic neurological trauma, is a significant cause of mortality around the world. On a molecular level, the condition is characterized by widespread cell death and poor regeneration, which can result in severe morbidity in survivors. Potential therapeutics are of major interest, with a promising candidate being brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a ubiquitous agent in the brain which has been associated with neural development and may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury. This review summarizes the available information on the potential benefits of BDNF and the molecular mechanisms involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. It further explores the methods in which BDNF can be applied in clinical and therapeutic settings, and the potential challenges to overcome.

Abbreviations

• PKA, protein kinase A;
• cAMP, cyclic AMP;
• CREB, cAMP response element binding;
• AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor;
• NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor;
• CAMK, Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase;
• BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor. MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase;
• MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase;
• ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase;
• GAB1, GRB-associated binder 1;
• Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate;
• DAG, diacylglycerol;
• PKC, protein kinase C;
• Ca²⁺/CaM, Ca²⁺/calmodulin;
• CaMK, Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

Keywords

• Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;
• Neuroprotection;
• Brain injury

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Corresponding author. Address: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK (Daqing Ma). Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, (Qingquan Lian)