Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Thursday, February 2, 2017

Editorial Article: Understanding the Inflammatory Response to Stroke in the Human Brain through Mouse Models

They don't come right out and say this but how useful is studying this in mice?

Rodent inflammation is not the same as human inflammation

The latest here: 

Editorial Article: Understanding the Inflammatory Response to Stroke in the Human Brain through Mouse Models



Dr. Vivian Nguyen, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Arizona spoke about her research using multiplex immunoassays from MilliporeSigma. Her lab is focused on mixed dementia and has recently published the first comprehensive characterization of the inflammatory response to stroke in the human brain. Dr. Nguyen is continuing to map the pathological changes that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in models of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease
Mixed dementia, as explained by Dr. Nguyen, is a condition in which pathology characteristics of more than one type of dementia co-exist in an individual, for example, stroke infarcts alongside the neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Following post-stroke dementia work, Dr. Nguyen’s lab wanted to determine the impact of inflammation lasting for months following stroke, why there is also chronic blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and whether stroke causes long-term dysfunction of the glymphatic system, which is the brain’s version of the lymphatic system. The goal of her research is to determine the contributing factors of mixed dementia in the hope of developing treatments in the clinic. Her work demonstrates that there is a persistent inflammatory response in the human brain following stroke. With her research, she endeavors to bring more scientific attention to the fact that inflammation following stroke is very slow to fully resolve. Her data suggests that not only is this neurotoxic of itself, it also has important consequences for the blood-brain barrier and the glymphatic system and is a cause of post-stroke dementia in some patients and mixed dementia in other patients, such as those with a risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease.
The Importance of Technology
There are several methodologies being employed by the Nguyen lab which include: immunostaining, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, histology, flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and mouse behavioral testing. The microscope techniques are vital for determining the distribution and localization of different immune cells with markers of neurodegeneration. Flow cytometry, which is also a technology offered by MilliporeSigma, is vital for the identification of the immune cells that localize with areas of neurodegeneration. Multiplex immunoassays are used for the precise measurement of various cytokines and neurodegenerative proteins present in the brains of the dementia subjects. Mouse behavioral testing is used to monitor the dementia phenotype in the mice. MilliporeSigma’s cytokine and chemokine portfolio kits were used to determine the characteristics of the cytokine and chemokine responses to stroke in both mouse and human brain tissue. The MILLIPLEX® MAP panels provided more comprehensive immunology panel options for both mouse and human tissue compared to their competitors. Dr. Nguyen would recommend these kits. Expanding on this, “The kits have always worked well and the inclusion of quality controls within each kit means that we can easily authenticate and validate that they’ve worked well. Also, not only are these kits compatible with brain tissue, but we have used them on lysates from other tissues such as spleen and heart, as well as plasma.” Dr. Nguyen also notes that the kits have protocols that “are clear and easy to follow, they provide prompt and knowledgeable tech support, and they work seamlessly with MILLIPLEX® Analyst Software, which we use to analyze our data and is very user-friendly.”
MilliporeSigma’s MILLIPLEX® MAP panels being used for cytokine & chemokine testing.
Future Perspectives
The lab plans to continue to map the pathological changes (i.e. neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and glymphatic dysfunction) that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in both wild type mice and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. To date, most stroke research in rodent models and human studies has focused on the acute response to stroke. Dr. Nguyen’s research highlights the fact that the inflammatory response to stroke does not resolve as effectively in the brain as inflammation does in other tissues. They also plan to test whether neurotrophic compounds can mitigate these changes. They also have future plans to look at components of the prolonged inflammatory response to stroke to determine whether post-stroke dementia, and mixed dementia, can be treated by selectively ablating individual immune mediators. Determining how variable the inflammatory response to stroke is in different people, and how it is impacted by age-related comorbidities is also another direction Dr. Nguyen’s field must go.
For more information on Dr Nguyen's research read the following article.

Dr. Vivian Nguyen, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Arizona spoke about her research using multiplex immunoassays from MilliporeSigma. Her lab is focused on mixed dementia and has recently published the first comprehensive characterization of the inflammatory response to stroke in the human brain. Dr. Nguyen is continuing to map the pathological changes that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in models of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease
Mixed dementia, as explained by Dr. Nguyen, is a condition in which pathology characteristics of more than one type of dementia co-exist in an individual, for example, stroke infarcts alongside the neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Following post-stroke dementia work, Dr. Nguyen’s lab wanted to determine the impact of inflammation lasting for months following stroke, why there is also chronic blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and whether stroke causes long-term dysfunction of the glymphatic system, which is the brain’s version of the lymphatic system. The goal of her research is to determine the contributing factors of mixed dementia in the hope of developing treatments in the clinic. Her work demonstrates that there is a persistent inflammatory response in the human brain following stroke. With her research, she endeavors to bring more scientific attention to the fact that inflammation following stroke is very slow to fully resolve. Her data suggests that not only is this neurotoxic of itself, it also has important consequences for the blood-brain barrier and the glymphatic system and is a cause of post-stroke dementia in some patients and mixed dementia in other patients, such as those with a risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease.
The Importance of Technology
There are several methodologies being employed by the Nguyen lab which include: immunostaining, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, histology, flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and mouse behavioral testing. The microscope techniques are vital for determining the distribution and localization of different immune cells with markers of neurodegeneration. Flow cytometry, which is also a technology offered by MilliporeSigma, is vital for the identification of the immune cells that localize with areas of neurodegeneration. Multiplex immunoassays are used for the precise measurement of various cytokines and neurodegenerative proteins present in the brains of the dementia subjects. Mouse behavioral testing is used to monitor the dementia phenotype in the mice. MilliporeSigma’s cytokine and chemokine portfolio kits were used to determine the characteristics of the cytokine and chemokine responses to stroke in both mouse and human brain tissue. The MILLIPLEX® MAP panels provided more comprehensive immunology panel options for both mouse and human tissue compared to their competitors. Dr. Nguyen would recommend these kits. Expanding on this, “The kits have always worked well and the inclusion of quality controls within each kit means that we can easily authenticate and validate that they’ve worked well. Also, not only are these kits compatible with brain tissue, but we have used them on lysates from other tissues such as spleen and heart, as well as plasma.” Dr. Nguyen also notes that the kits have protocols that “are clear and easy to follow, they provide prompt and knowledgeable tech support, and they work seamlessly with MILLIPLEX® Analyst Software, which we use to analyze our data and is very user-friendly.”
MilliporeSigma’s MILLIPLEX® MAP panels being used for cytokine & chemokine testing.
Future Perspectives
The lab plans to continue to map the pathological changes (i.e. neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and glymphatic dysfunction) that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in both wild type mice and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. To date, most stroke research in rodent models and human studies has focused on the acute response to stroke. Dr. Nguyen’s research highlights the fact that the inflammatory response to stroke does not resolve as effectively in the brain as inflammation does in other tissues. They also plan to test whether neurotrophic compounds can mitigate these changes. They also have future plans to look at components of the prolonged inflammatory response to stroke to determine whether post-stroke dementia, and mixed dementia, can be treated by selectively ablating individual immune mediators. Determining how variable the inflammatory response to stroke is in different people, and how it is impacted by age-related comorbidities is also another direction Dr. Nguyen’s field must go.
For more information on Dr Nguyen's research read the following article.
- See more at: http://www.selectscience.net/editorial-articles/understanding-the-inflammatory-response-to-stroke-in-the-human-brain-through-mouse-models/?artID=42890&#sthash.2rhNYVNz.dpuf

Dr. Vivian Nguyen, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Arizona spoke about her research using multiplex immunoassays from MilliporeSigma. Her lab is focused on mixed dementia and has recently published the first comprehensive characterization of the inflammatory response to stroke in the human brain. Dr. Nguyen is continuing to map the pathological changes that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in models of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease
Mixed dementia, as explained by Dr. Nguyen, is a condition in which pathology characteristics of more than one type of dementia co-exist in an individual, for example, stroke infarcts alongside the neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Following post-stroke dementia work, Dr. Nguyen’s lab wanted to determine the impact of inflammation lasting for months following stroke, why there is also chronic blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and whether stroke causes long-term dysfunction of the glymphatic system, which is the brain’s version of the lymphatic system. The goal of her research is to determine the contributing factors of mixed dementia in the hope of developing treatments in the clinic. Her work demonstrates that there is a persistent inflammatory response in the human brain following stroke. With her research, she endeavors to bring more scientific attention to the fact that inflammation following stroke is very slow to fully resolve. Her data suggests that not only is this neurotoxic of itself, it also has important consequences for the blood-brain barrier and the glymphatic system and is a cause of post-stroke dementia in some patients and mixed dementia in other patients, such as those with a risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease.
The Importance of Technology
There are several methodologies being employed by the Nguyen lab which include: immunostaining, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, histology, flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and mouse behavioral testing. The microscope techniques are vital for determining the distribution and localization of different immune cells with markers of neurodegeneration. Flow cytometry, which is also a technology offered by MilliporeSigma, is vital for the identification of the immune cells that localize with areas of neurodegeneration. Multiplex immunoassays are used for the precise measurement of various cytokines and neurodegenerative proteins present in the brains of the dementia subjects. Mouse behavioral testing is used to monitor the dementia phenotype in the mice. MilliporeSigma’s cytokine and chemokine portfolio kits were used to determine the characteristics of the cytokine and chemokine responses to stroke in both mouse and human brain tissue. The MILLIPLEX® MAP panels provided more comprehensive immunology panel options for both mouse and human tissue compared to their competitors. Dr. Nguyen would recommend these kits. Expanding on this, “The kits have always worked well and the inclusion of quality controls within each kit means that we can easily authenticate and validate that they’ve worked well. Also, not only are these kits compatible with brain tissue, but we have used them on lysates from other tissues such as spleen and heart, as well as plasma.” Dr. Nguyen also notes that the kits have protocols that “are clear and easy to follow, they provide prompt and knowledgeable tech support, and they work seamlessly with MILLIPLEX® Analyst Software, which we use to analyze our data and is very user-friendly.”
MilliporeSigma’s MILLIPLEX® MAP panels being used for cytokine & chemokine testing.
Future Perspectives
The lab plans to continue to map the pathological changes (i.e. neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and glymphatic dysfunction) that occur throughout the brain in the weeks and months following stroke in both wild type mice and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. To date, most stroke research in rodent models and human studies has focused on the acute response to stroke. Dr. Nguyen’s research highlights the fact that the inflammatory response to stroke does not resolve as effectively in the brain as inflammation does in other tissues. They also plan to test whether neurotrophic compounds can mitigate these changes. They also have future plans to look at components of the prolonged inflammatory response to stroke to determine whether post-stroke dementia, and mixed dementia, can be treated by selectively ablating individual immune mediators. Determining how variable the inflammatory response to stroke is in different people, and how it is impacted by age-related comorbidities is also another direction Dr. Nguyen’s field must go.
For more information on Dr Nguyen's research read the following article.
- See more at: http://www.selectscience.net/editorial-articles/understanding-the-inflammatory-response-to-stroke-in-the-human-brain-through-mouse-models/?artID=42890&#sthash.2rhNYVNz.dpuf

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