Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Saturday, March 23, 2024

Stroke rehabilitation pathways during the first year: A cost-effectiveness analysis from a cohort of 460 individuals

 

Survivors don't give a damn about cost, THEY WANT TO KNOW; DOES THIS GET ME RECOVERED? Are the funders that blitheringly stupid?

Stroke rehabilitation pathways during the first year: A cost-effectiveness analysis from a cohort of 460 individuals

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2024.101824Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • First cost-effectiveness analysis of different stroke rehabilitation pathways.

  • Inpatient unit followed by a community clinic was the most cost-effective pathway.

  • Day hospital followed by a community clinic was also a cost-effective pathway.

  • Cost-effectiveness analysis is consistent with stroke evidence-based practice.

  • The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are coherent between both perspectives.

Abstract

Background

Stroke burden challenges global health, and social and economic policies. Although stroke recovery encompasses a wide range of care, including in-hospital, outpatient, and community-based rehabilitation, there are no published cost-effectiveness studies of integrated post-stroke pathways.

Objective

To determine the most cost-effective rehabilitation pathway during the first 12 months after a first-ever stroke.

Methods

A cohort of people in the acute phase of a first stroke was followed after hospital discharge; 51 % women, mean (SD) age 74.4 (12.9) years, mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score 11.7 (8.5) points, and mode modified Rankin Scale score 3 points. We developed a decision tree model of 9 sequences of rehabilitation care organised in 3 stages (3, 6 and 12 months) through a combination of public, semi-public and private entities, considering both the individual and healthcare service perspectives. Health outcomes were expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALY) over a 1-year time horizon. Costs included healthcare, social care, and productivity losses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on model input values.

Results

From the individual perspective, pathway 3 (Short-term Inpatient Unit » Community Clinic) was the most cost-effective, followed by pathway 1 (Rehabilitation Centre » Community Clinic). From the healthcare service perspective, pathway 3 was the most cost-effective followed by pathway 7 (Outpatient Hospital » Private Clinic). All other pathways were considered strongly dominated and excluded from the analysis. The total 1-year mean cost ranged between €12104 and €23024 from the individual's perspective and between €10992 and €31319 from the healthcare service perspective.

Conclusion

Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of one times the national gross domestic product (€20633/QALY), pathway 3 (Short-term Inpatient Unit » Community Clinic) was the most cost-effective strategy from both the individual and healthcare service perspectives. Rehabilitation pathway data contribute to the development of a future integrated care system adapted to different stroke profiles.

More at link.

Keywords

Pathway
Stroke
Rehabilitation
Outcomes
Cost-analysis
Health policy

Abbreviations

C
Outpatient Community Clinic
H
Outpatient Day Hospital
HB
Home-based Rehabilitation
ICER
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio
MMSE
Mini Mental State Examnation
mRS
modified Rankin Scale
N
Nursing Home
NHS
National Health System
NIHSS
National Institute of Health Stroke Scale
P
Outpatient Private Clinic
QALY
Quality-Adjusted Life Year
RC
Rehabilitation Inpatient Centre
UL
Long-Term Inpatient Unit
UM
Medium-term Inpatient Unit
US
Short-term Inpatient Unit
WHO
World Health Organization
WTP
willingness-to-pay

Introduction

Stroke rehabilitation should be intensive, timely, and multidisciplinary, with coordinated transfers between settings, and effective interfacing with social and community care [1]. However, post-stroke care is considered disorganized and fragmented even in the best health systems [2], and many survivors express dissatisfaction [3]. There are no universally agreed best practices across European countries, where different health service structures and payment systems often lead to inconsistent care pathways, type, and quality of therapies [4,5].

Stroke defies worldwide health, social and economic policies, as a global leading cause of mortality and disability [6]. By 2047 there will be an additional 40,000 incident stroke cases (+3 %) and 2.58 million prevalent stroke cases (+ 27 %) [7], and the corresponding economic burden will increase [8]. Approximately 3 to 4 % of total health expenditures in Western countries are allocated to stroke [9]. In 2017, 32 European countries spent €60 billion on stroke care, of which 45 % was for health care, 8 % for social care, 47 % for direct and indirect productivity losses. Of the €27 billion spent on stroke healthcare, only 18 % was spent on rehabilitation [10].

Despite recovery from a stroke being an arduous journey that takes months or years [11] and covers a whole spectrum of care, including in-hospital, outpatient, and community-based rehabilitation [12], there are no published cost-effectiveness studies of integrated post-stroke pathways [13]. Our previous work showed 9 different rehabilitation pathways, that suggested heterogeneity, inefficiency, and inequalities, followed by a heterogeneous satisfaction level [14].

In the last years, there has been a call to design new care settings that ensure greater consistency and effectiveness to meet the targets set for 2030 by the Action Plan for Stroke [4]. The extent of the challenge, combined with limited healthcare budgets emphasizes the need for an evidence-based and cost-effective analysis that contributes to post-stroke decision-making [15], bridging the gap between clinical guidelines, organizational models, and the provision of care.

This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of post-stroke rehabilitation pathways using high-quality individual participant-level data. It aimed to (i) determine the cost structure of each pathway and ii) determine the most cost-effective rehabilitation post-stroke care pathway from the perspective of the individuals with stroke and that of the healthcare service.

More at link.

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