The Blood Type That Predicts Early Stroke Risk

 Well, I'm O negative and still had an early stroke at age 50.

The Blood Type That Predicts Early Stroke Risk

Your blood type might signal whether you are prone to have an early stroke or not.

Besides lifestyle and environment, genes have a big impact on a person’s state of health.

One example is a person’s blood group, which is inherited from genes passed down by the parents.

A meta-analysis of genetic studies reveals that our blood type can determine whether we are at risk of an early stroke or not.

They found that people with blood type A are more at risk of an early stroke.

Also, those with blood type B were more likely to experience a stroke before the age 60 and later on.

The review is based on 48 genetic studies related to ischemic strokes, the most common type of strokes.

Ischemic strokes are life-threatening conditions caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies blood to the brain.

Professor Steven Kittner, the study’s senior author, said:

“The number of people with early strokes is rising.

These people are more likely to die from the life-threatening event, and survivors potentially face decades with disability.

Despite this, there is little research on the causes of early strokes.”

The research team compared genetic data from 17,000 stroke patients with nearly 600,000 healthy adults (non-stroke controls) who were between 18- and 59-years-old.

The team studied the ABO gene located on certain chromosomes in order to find out if there is any link between common genetic variants with the risk of having a stroke before age 60.

Their analysis showed that participants with early stroke were less likely to have blood type O and most likely to have blood type A.

Participants with blood group A were more likely to have an early stroke and those with blood type O had a lower risk of developing strokes.

Those with blood type B were at higher risk of having an early stroke and later in life.

Professor Braxton Mitchell, study co-author, said:

“Our meta-analysis looked at people’s genetic profiles and found associations between blood type and risk of early-onset stroke.

The association of blood type with later-onset stroke was much weaker than what we found with early stroke.”

Compared to people with other blood types, those with blood type A had a 16 percent higher risk of an early stroke.

The authors acknowledged that the increased risk of an early stroke for people with blood type A is small and so they don’t need to worry or do any additional health check and medical tests.

Professor Kittner said:

“We still don’t know why blood type A would confer a higher risk, but it likely has something to do with blood-clotting factors like platelets and cells that line the blood vessels as well as other circulating proteins, all of which play a role in the development of blood clots.”

Past studies have found that people with blood type A are at a slightly increased risk of experiencing deep vein thrombosis.

The study was published in the journal Neurology (Jaworek et al., 2022).

Is your blood type linked to your risk of stroke before age 60?

 Since you give us nothing on how to reduce that risk, I can only conclude that all your research is devoted to getting to 100% recovery post stroke. I'm O negative and had my stroke at age 50, so half my life will be disabled because the stroke medical world is completely incompetent in solving stroke to 100% recovery.

Is your blood type linked to your risk of stroke before age 60?

MINNEAPOLIS – Gene variants associated with a person’s blood type may be linked to their risk of early stroke, according to a new meta-analysis published in the August 31, 2022, online issue of Neurology^®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The meta-analysis included all available data from genetic studies that included young adult ischemic stroke, which is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain.

“Non-O blood types have previously been linked to a risk of early stroke, but the findings of our meta-analysis showed a stronger link between these blood types with early stroke compared to late stroke, and in linking risk mostly to blood type A,” said study author Braxton D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, of University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. “Specifically, our meta-analysis suggests that gene variants tied to blood types A and O represent nearly all of those genetically linked with early stroke. People with these gene variants may be more likely to develop blood clots, which can lead to stroke.”

The meta-analysis involved a review of 48 studies on genetics and ischemic stroke from North America, Europe and Asia. The studies included 16,927 people with stroke and 576,353 people who did not have a stroke. Of those with stroke, 5,825 people had early onset stroke and 9,269 people had late onset stroke. Early onset stroke was defined as an ischemic stroke occurring before age 60 and late onset stroke was older than 60.

Researchers looked across all the chromosomes to identify genetic variants associated with stroke. They found a link between early stroke and the area of the chromosome that includes the gene that determines A, AB, B or O blood type.

They then divided participants into A, AB, B and O blood types. They compared the prevalence of those blood types in people with early stroke, late stroke and people who did not have a stroke.

Researchers found that people with early stroke were more likely to have blood type A and less likely to have blood type O compared to people with late stroke and people without stroke. Both early and late stroke were also more likely to have blood type B compared to controls.

When looking at people of European ancestry and comparing 5,825 people with early stroke to 29,320 people who did not have a stroke, the meta-analysis found that 48% of people with early stroke had blood type A compared to 45% of people with late stroke and 44% of people without stroke. They also found 35% of people with early stroke had blood type O compared to 39% of those with late stroke and 41% of people without stroke.

After adjusting for sex and other factors, researchers found those who had blood type A had an 16% higher risk of having an early stroke than people with other blood types. Those who had blood type O had a 12% lower risk of having a stroke than people with other blood types.

“This work deepens our understanding of early onset stroke development and changes,” said Jennifer Juhl Majersik, MD, MS, of the University of Utah and Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Future research is needed to help develop a more precise understanding of how stroke develops. This could lead to targeted preventative treatments for early onset stroke, which could result in less disability during people’s most productive years.”

A limitation of the study was the limited amount of diversity among participants, although 35% of the participants were of non-European ancestry.

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health and Department of Veterans Affairs.

Learn more about stroke at BrainandLife.org, home of the American Academy of Neurology’s free patient and caregiver magazine focused on the intersection of neurologic disease and brain health. Follow Brain & Life^® on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

When posting to social media channels about this research, we encourage you to use the hashtags #Neurology and #AANscience.

The American Academy of Neurology is the world’s largest association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, with over 38,000 members. The AAN is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, migraine, multiple sclerosis, concussion, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy.

For more information about the American Academy of Neurology, visit AAN.com or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube.

If You Have This Blood Type, Your Stroke Risk May Be Higher, Study Says:(Women; non-O)

You'll have to ask your doctor EXACTLY  the protocols to follow to counteract this risk to nothing.

If You Have This Blood Type, Your Heart Attack Risk Is Higher, Study Says:(Women; non-O).

Some women with non-O blood types may be at an increased risk of early-onset stroke.

iStock

At the American Stroke Association's (ASA) 2021 International Stroke Conference, research funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke looked at the association between blood type and stroke risk. According to the study, the researchers found that non-O blood types (A, B, or AB) may be at an increased risk of early-onset stroke for women who smoke and take oral contraceptives.

But you may be able to tell if you're more at risk of a stroke, whether silent or symptomatic, if you're aware of the factors that contribute to this dangerous health condition—and it turns out, your blood type is one of those factors. Read on to find out which blood type is associated with an increased stroke risk, based on a new study, and for more things your blood type can tell you, check out 

The researchers looked at nearly 350 women who had experienced a stroke before the age of 50 and compared their data to 383 women who had not had a stroke. They concluded that women with non-O blood types who smoked and took oral contraceptives were nearly twice as likely to have a stroke before turning 50.

 

Why Men With This Blood Type Are More Likely to Have a Heart Attack

I'm good, type O negative, universal donor. Women you are on your own. Stump your doctor and ask about your von Willebrand factor.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/%E2%80%8Bwhy-men-with-this-blood-type-are-more-likely-to-have-a-heart-attack/ar-BBAKuRk?

Are you at risk?

If you don’t know your blood type, you might want to pick up the phone and ask your mom. That’s because it may tell you more about your health than you think—in fact, back in March, we reported that blood types can predict which men get better erections.

Now, it may point to something more deadly, too: Your blood type may help determine if you’re at risk of a heart attack, new research presented at Heart Failure 2017—4th World Congress on Acute Heart Failure suggests.

Researchers analyzed data on more than 1,300,000 people from nine previous studies, and concluded that those with type A, type B, or type AB blood were 9 percent more likely to have a cardiovascular event—like a heart attack—than those with type O blood.

The exact mechanism behind the increased heart risk isn’t exactly clear. But one possibility may be because people with non type-O blood have greater concentrations of a blood clotting protein called von Willebrand factor, which can make the development of a blockage that causes a heart attack more likely, the researchers say in a press release. (That also may be why guys with non type-O blood are more likely to develop erectile dysfunction, too.)

People with non-O blood also tend to have higher cholesterol and higher levels of inflammation.

More research is needed to clarify the links between blood type and heart risks—and to look at each blood type separately—but the researchers believe that blood type may eventually play a role in risk assessment for heart disease, along with traditional factors like cholesterol, age, and blood pressure.

‘O’ blood type is associated with larger grey-matter volumes in the cerebellum

I'm sure there is no one in the world that I can ask whether my blood type of O negative is enough to offset my 33% dementia chance post-stroke from an Australian study.
This is what is so bad with stroke knowledge today, there is no one in the world any survivor can ask ANY SIMPLE QUESTION and expect any answer other than the f*ckingly stupid response of
'All strokes are different, all stroke recoveries are different' .
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923015000805

• Matteo De Marco^a,
• Annalena Venneri^{a, b, ,}

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doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.05.005

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Highlights

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‘O’ blood type adults have increased volumes in the posterior cerebellum.

•

‘O’ blood type might be protective against dementia.

•

Biological explanations include possible fostering of endothelial dysfunction.

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Abstract

Recent evidence indicated higher incidence of cognitive deficits in ABO blood-type system ‘AB’ individuals. Since this statistical difference might originate from the lack of protective effects exerted by ‘O’ alleles on the brain via vascular or non-vascular routes, this study investigated volumetric differences in grey matter between ‘O’ and non-‘O’ adults to explore the possibility of a structural endophenotype visible in ‘O’ adults without cognitive impairment or neurodegeneration.

A large sample of cognitively healthy adults who had previously undergone structural MRI for research purposes were contacted telephonically and enquired about their ABO blood type. Out of the 189 individuals who were able to retrieve and communicate this information, ‘O’ (n = 76) and ‘A’ adults (n = 65) were included in Model 1. In Model 2, all non-‘O’ (n = 113) were instead collapsed in a single group. Voxel-Based Morphometry analyses were carried out on three-dimensional T1-weighted scans, and between-sample t tests were run to compare the maps of grey-matter volumes of the subgroups of interest, controlling for major nuisance variables.

In Model 1, ‘O’ adults had larger grey-matter volumes in two symmetrical clusters within the posterior ventral portion of the cerebellum. This was confirmed in Model 2. Additionally, non-‘O’ adults showed lower volume values in temporal and limbic regions, including the left hippocampus.

The cerebellar clusters were located in regions previously found to be part of a network responsible for sensorimotor integration. It is speculated that the structural reductions seen in non-‘O’ adults might result in a susceptibility to down-regulation of this network. This occurrence is likely to intensify along the ageing process and may contribute to foster cognitive decline. Although Model 2 seems to suggest that having a ‘O’ blood type might play a role in protection against those conditions in which temporal and mediotemporal volumetric loss is observed (Alzheimer's disease), additional supporting evidence is needed.

A number of potential biological processes might sustain these between-group differences, including sensorimotor ontogenesis, hormonal function, and a regional impact of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. These findings identify the cerebellar tissue as a candidate for further studying ABO function, and support a general association between ABO blood type and variance in the development of the nervous system.

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Graphical abstract

Well having type O- didn't seem to lower my cardiovascular risk enough to prevent my stroke, maybe it will prevent cancer.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/7

Journal App

Commentary

The intriguing relationship between the ABO blood group, cardiovascular disease, and cancer

Massimo Franchini^1* and Giuseppe Lippi²

• * Corresponding author: Massimo Franchini massimo.franchini@aopoma.it

Author Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, C. Poma Hospital, Strada Lago Pajolo 10, Mantova, 46100, Italy
² Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43100, Italy

For all author emails, please log on.

BMC Medicine 2015, 13:7  doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0250-y
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/7

Received:	17 November 2014
Accepted:	9 December 2014
Published:	16 January 2015

© 2015 Franchini and Lippi; licensee BioMed Central.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Abstract

Other than being present at the surface of red blood cells, the antigens of the ABO blood group system are efficiently expressed by a variety of human cells and tissues. Several studies recently described the involvement of the ABO blood group in the pathogenesis of many human disorders, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, so that its clinical significance extends now beyond the traditional boundaries of transfusion medicine. In a large cohort study recently published in BMC Medicine and including over 50,000 subjects, Etemadi and colleagues reported that nearly 6% of total deaths and as many as 9% of cardiovascular deaths could be attributed to having non-O blood groups, a condition that was also found to be associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. In this commentary, the clinical implications of ABO blood groups are critically discussed and a possible common pathogenic mechanism involving the von Willebrand factor is described.

Please see related article http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0237-8 webcite.

Keywords:

ABO blood group; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; von Willebrand factor

Background

The antigens of the ABO blood group system (i.e., A, B, and H antigens), discovered more than one century ago [1], are complex carbohydrate molecules expressed on the extracellular surface of red blood cell membranes [2]. The A and B alleles encode slightly different glycosyltransferases that add N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galactose to a common precursor side chain, the H determinant, which is then converted into A- or B-antigens, respectively (Figure 1). The O alleles do not encode a functional enzyme, so that OO carriers lack these transferase enzymes and express the unaltered H structure, with a solitary terminal fucose moiety attached to the precursor oligosaccharide chain, which represents the phenotypic marker of the O blood group [3]. In addition to the expression on red blood cell surfaces, the ABO antigens are also present in a variety of human cells and tissues, including epithelium, sensory neurons, platelets, and vascular endothelium [4],[5]. Therefore, it is not surprising that the clinical significance of the ABO blood group extends now beyond the traditional boundaries of immunohematology and transfusion medicine, wherein this antigen system is seemingly involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of human diseases, the most important being represented by cancers and infectious and cardiovascular disorders [6]-[9].

Figure 1. The intriguing relationship between ABO blood group system, von Willebrand factor (VWF), cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Discussion

A number of studies conducted in the past 50 years have consistently described the existence of an association between ABO blood type and cardiovascular disease [10]-[12]. In particular, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis documented that having a non-O blood group carries an approximately two-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis [10]. A weaker but still significant association was found in another systematic review conducted by the same group of authors between non-O blood type and arterial thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] of 1.28 for myocardial infarction and 1.17 for ischemic stroke) [11]. In addition to the effect of the ABO blood group on low-density lipoprotein and total serum cholesterol levels [13], the leading underlying mechanism that has been put forward to explain this association involves the profound influence that the ABO blood group system exerts on hemostasis, particularly on the von Willebrand factor (VWF) and, consequently, on coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) plasma levels, which are both well recognized prothrombotic risk factors [14]. Indeed, it is now clearly acknowledged that individuals of non-O blood group status have plasma levels of both VWF and FVIII that are approximately 25% higher than O blood group subjects [15]. The molecular basis of this phenomenon has been precisely identified with the presence of ABH antigenic structures on circulating VWF, which modulate the activity of this multifunctional protein through different degrees of glycosylation [12].

Another interesting field that has been extensively studied over the past five decades is that of the association between ABO blood group types and cancer [8],[9]. The most consistent association has been found with pancreatic and gastric cancers [8]. For instance, in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Wolpin et al. [16] found that participants with blood groups A, AB, or B were more likely to develop pancreatic cancer compared with those with blood group O (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.14–1.82). The higher prevalence of blood group A in patients with gastric cancer formerly observed by several studies [9] has also been recently confirmed in a large prospective population-based study involving more than one million of Scandinavian blood donors followed for up to 35 years [17]. The strength of this association was similar to that previously reported (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02–1.42). Although the underlying mechanisms linking the ABO blood group system and cancer are still largely unknown, one plausible explanation involves the ABO blood group-driven regulation of circulating levels of several proinflammatory and adhesion molecules (i.e., soluble E-selectin, P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which play a key role in the tumorigenesis process [9]. Moreover, the recent discovery that VWF is an important modulator of angiogenesis and apoptosis provides an alternative, particularly intriguing, hypothesis to unify the mechanisms by which non-O blood group influences the onset of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases (Figure 1) [18]. A significant advance in this field has now been provided by the Golestan Cohort Study, recently published in BMC Medicine[19]. This large epidemiological trial analyzed the association between ABO blood groups and overall and cause-specific mortality in over 50,000 people recruited between 2004 and 2008. Notably, the authors found that non-O blood groups were associated with a significantly increased risk of total death (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01–1.17) and mortality for cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03–1.27). Although no significant association was found with ABO-related cancer mortality, an aspect that was investigated for the first time in this study, an increased risk of developing gastric cancers was still observed in individuals with blood groups A and B. This latter finding is particular intriguing, and is also in keeping with the results from another recent study conducted by our group, in which a negative association between B blood group and life expectancy in a large cohort (n = 28,129) of subjects was found [20]. Although the analysis was only limited to overall mortality in our study, this evidence may be attributable to the association between B blood type and some aging associated conditions, including neurological and neoplastic disorders. Although additional research is needed to corroborate these preliminary findings, the attractive data that have emerged from these studies raise a new and intriguing scenario linking the ABO blood group with cardiovascular disease and cancer (Figure 1).

Conclusions

Despite being studied for more than half a century, the complex interplay between the ABO blood group system and human health is far from being definitely elucidated. In particular, if the association between non-O blood type and cardiovascular disease mortality is confirmed by further trials like that recently published by Etemadi et al. [19], non-O blood group status may be included in cardiovascular risk scores to better estimate the individual thrombotic risk profile. Further experimental studies are also needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms linking ABO blood type, VWF, and cancer development. Intuitively appealing, ABO blood typing may hence become part of a multifaceted strategy for cancer risk assessment.
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From a more readable source:

Cardiovascular Perks

Alexander says that it does look as though blood type O is protective in the setting of cardiovascular disease. “There is no reason to think that particular molecules on red blood cells would have anything to do with cardiovascular disease, but those same molecules attach molecules to a protein that is important in blood clotting, called the Von Willebrand factor,” she says. People with type O blood have lower Von Willebrand factor levels. That’s good for the heart because ”it means your blood is a little less likely to clot. And more heart attacks and strokes are caused by blood clots, so anything that can have a part in reducing that risk is beneficial.”

ABO blood type, factor VIII, and incident cognitive impairment in the REGARDS cohort

So is your cognitive impairment post-stroke because of  blood type AB rather than the stroke itself? What the hell does your doctor have to say?  At least I'm O negative so all I have to worry about is getting needed blood from other O negative persons, A good friend has that type so I'll have to make sure I know where she is at all times, considering my dangerous predilictions.
http://www.neurology.org/content/83/14/1271

1. Kristine S. Alexander, PhD, MCR,
2. Neil A. Zakai, MD, MSc,
3. Sarah Gillett, PhD,
4. Leslie A. McClure, PhD,
5. Virginia Wadley, PhD,
6. Fred Unverzagt, PhD and
7. Mary Cushman, MD, MSc

+Show Affiliations

| + Show Full Disclosures

1. Correspondence to Dr. Cushman: mary.cushman@uvm.edu

1. Published online before print September 10, 2014, doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000844 Neurology September 30, 2014 vol. 83 no. 14 1271-1276

• Abstract
• Full Text
• Full Text (PDF)

Abstract

Objective: To assess the relationships among ABO group, factor VIII (FVIII), and incident cognitive impairment in a large, prospective cohort study of black and white adults in the United States using a nested case-control design.

Methods: Incident cognitive impairment was defined using cognitive domain tests over a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. ABO blood group was measured by genotyping in a nested case-control sample of 495 cases with cognitive impairment and 587 controls.

Results: Those with blood group AB and those with higher FVIII had an increased risk of cognitive impairment, adjusting for age, race, region, and sex (respective odds ratios 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.90; and 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.38 for 40 IU/dL higher FVIII). Mean FVIII was higher in those with blood type AB (142 IU/dL; 95% CI 119–165) compared with O (104 IU/dL; 95% CI 101–107), and FVIII mediated 18% of the association between AB group and incident cognitive impairment (95% CI for mediation −30% to 68%).

Conclusions: Blood group AB and higher FVIII were associated with increased incidence of cognitive impairment in this prospective study. The association of blood group AB with incident cognitive impairment was not significantly mediated by FVIII levels.

Mortality and cancer in relation to ABO blood group phenotypes in the Golestan Cohort Study

A non-modifiable risk factor. I have O negative blood so even that didn't prevent my stroke.
The research article here; 
Mortality and cancer in relation to ABO blood group phenotypes in the Golestan Cohort Study

Conclusions

Non-O blood groups have an increased mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases, which may be due to the effect of blood group alleles on blood biochemistry or their effect on von Willebrand factor and factor VIII levels. 

A news writeup about the research;

What Your Blood Type Says About Your Life Span

In the study, researchers followed about 50,000 middle-age and elderly people in northeastern Iran for an average of seven years. They found that people with non-O blood types were 9 percent more likely to die during the study for any health-related reason, and 15 percent more likely to die from cardiovascular disease, compared with people with blood type O.

Type AB Blood? You May Be More Prone to Memory Loss

So is your doctor a shoot from the hip person and immediately ascribes your memory loss post-stroke to the stroke? Ask about the bias of Occams' razor and whether or not another reason might be the cause. You will need to force your doctor to think outside the box. At least I'm O negative.
Article here:
https://www.yahoo.com/health/type-ab-blood-you-may-be-more-prone-to-memory-loss-97230693847.html

Research here:
ABO blood type, factor VIII, and incident cognitive impairment in the REGARDS cohort

1. Kristine S. Alexander, PhD, MCR,
2. Neil A. Zakai, MD, MSc,
3. Sarah Gillett, PhD,
4. Leslie A. McClure, PhD,
5. Virginia Wadley, PhD,
6. Fred Unverzagt, PhD and
7. Mary Cushman, MD, MSc

+Show Affiliations

| + Show Full Disclosures

1. Correspondence to Dr. Cushman: mary.cushman@uvm.edu

1. Published online before print September 10, 2014, doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000844 Neurology 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000844

• Abstract
• Full Text (PDF)

Abstract

Objective: To assess the relationships among ABO group, factor VIII (FVIII), and incident cognitive impairment in a large, prospective cohort study of black and white adults in the United States using a nested case-control design.

Methods: Incident cognitive impairment was defined using cognitive domain tests over a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. ABO blood group was measured by genotyping in a nested case-control sample of 495 cases with cognitive impairment and 587 controls.

Results: Those with blood group AB and those with higher FVIII had an increased risk of cognitive impairment, adjusting for age, race, region, and sex (respective odds ratios 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.90; and 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.38 for 40 IU/dL higher FVIII). Mean FVIII was higher in those with blood type AB (142 IU/dL; 95% CI 119–165) compared with O (104 IU/dL; 95% CI 101–107), and FVIII mediated 18% of the association between AB group and incident cognitive impairment (95% CI for mediation −30% to 68%).

Conclusions: Blood group AB and higher FVIII were associated with increased incidence of cognitive impairment in this prospective study. The association of blood group AB with incident cognitive impairment was not significantly mediated by FVIII levels.

The Blood Type O Individualized Lifestyle - The Type O Profile - Type O Personality?

From my blood donation I found out I was an O negative, universal donor.
O-negative blood group is relatively rare compared to other blood groups. A person with O-negative blood group is a universal donor as O-negative blood can be transfused to any blood group. O-negative blood group has also been associated with certain personality traits.
My doctors obviously were extremely deficient in not giving me the right supplements and using my personality traits to make sure I recovered mentally and physically from the stroke.

BLOOD TYPE O - Your Personalized Nutrition Guide

The Blood Type O Individualized Lifestyle - The Type O Profile - Type O Personality?  

The Blood Type O Individualized Lifestyle

Why are some people plagued by poor health while others seem to live healthy, vital lives even late in life? Does blood type influence personality? A single drop of blood contains a biochemical make up as unique as your fingerprint. Your blood type is a key to unlocking the secrets to your biochemical individuality. Foods and supplements contain lectins that interact with your cells depending on your blood type. This explains why some nutrients which are beneficial to one blood type, may be harmful to the cells of another. Dr. Peter D’Adamo, the author of the best selling books Eat Right for Your Type and Live Right for Your Type gives Type O’s some tips on leading a healthy lifestyle.

The Type O Profile

Type O was the first blood type, the type O ancestral prototype was a canny, aggressive predator. Aspects of the Type O profile remain essential in every society even to this day – leadership, extroversion, energy and focus are among their best traits. Type O’s can be powerful and productive, however, when stressed Type O’s response can be one of anger, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. When Type O wiring gets crossed, as a result of a poor diet, lack of exercise, unhealthy behaviors or elevated stress levels, Type O’s are more vulnerable to negative metabolic effects, including insulin resistance, sluggish thyroid activity, and weight gain. When you customize your life to Type O’s strengths you can reap the benefits of your ancestry. Your genetic inheritance offers you the opportunity to be strong, lean, productive, long-lived and optimistic.  Type O Personality?

In Japan, blood type has long been associated with personality type. You might well be asked your blood type on a job interview! In an independent study of 45 MBA students, Type O’s most often described themselves in ways related to the following characteristics; responsible, decisive, organized, objective, rule-conscious, and practical. Both male and female Type O’s reported a higher percentage of the mesomorphic body type when compared to controls. Interestingly, Type O’s also scored significantly higher than the rest in “sensing” – using the 5 senses to gather information, and in the sensing-thinking combination, indicating that they are more detail and fact oriented, logical, precise and orderly. “I believe that the tendency to sense and get facts right stems from the inbred hunter-gatherer need to observe and accurately assess the environment in order to insure survival.” Says D’Adamo. 

Blood Type Tied to Stroke Risk

Another unchangeable risk.
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/AHA/29804?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=DailyHeadlines&utm_source=WC&eun=g424561d0r&userid=424561&email=oc1dean@yahoo.com&mu_id=
The conventional stroke risks such as hypertension and smoking are well known, but researchers have now found that blood type, particularly the ABO blood group, is also related to the risk of stroke.
In two cohorts with more than two million person-years of follow-up, men and women in the AB blood group were very significantly associated with a 26% increase for the risk of developing stroke compared with those with type O blood (95% CI 1.11 to 1.44), Lu Qi, MD, PhD, from Harvard School of Public Health, and colleagues found.
Compared with women with type O blood, women with type B had a marginally significant 15% higher risk of stroke, according to the study presented at the American Heart Association meeting here.
Qi is unsure of the mechanism behind the conferred higher risk of stroke with various blood types. However, previous genetic studies have shown that blood types AB and B are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction leading to coronary heart disease.
Other studies have shown an association between type A and increased LDL cholesterol levels and type B with increased cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. But no studies have shown blood type to be associated with stroke risk, Qi told MedPage Today.
For this study, researchers analyzed data from two prospective longitudinal cohorts with 26 and 20 years of follow-up. The Nurses' Health Study (NHS) includes 61,973 women and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) includes 27,808 men.
Information on ABO blood group was self-reported, but has been shown to have a high degree of external validity, Qi said.
Data were adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, physical activity, aspirin use, ethnicity, family history of coronary heart disease, history of hypertension and high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes, menopausal status, and postmenopausal hormone use.
At least 93% of participants in each blood type group (O, A, B, AB) were white. In both cohorts, the number of participants was greatest in O, followed by A, B, and then AB, which is consistent with the overall population, Qi said.
Baseline characteristics were similar in each cohort, with an average age of 46 for women and 53 for men, and average BMIs of 24 and 25 kg/m² for women and men, respectively.
The average percentage of the history of disease in women and men, respectively, was as follows:

• Hypertension -- 15% and 22%
• High cholesterol -- 4.8% and 10.9%
• Type 2 diabetes -- 1.6% and 2.4%
• Family history of coronary heart disease -- 13% for both

In the NHS group, there was a total of 1,995 participants who developed stroke, while in the HPFS group, 906 participants developed stroke.
Although women with type B had a 15% increase in stroke risk (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.32), no such risk appeared in the male cohort (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.08).
"In fact, in men, the association between type B was not significant, and the stroke risk appears to go in the opposite direction. It looks like there is a decrease in risk," Qi said.
Both of these results "surprised" researchers. Qi said the increased risk for women could be due to the larger sample size compared with men or to chance. The decreased risk in men was also surprising because, in other studies, men with type B blood were associated with increased coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.
"It's difficult to believe this blood group has a lower risk of stroke," he said.
In the combined multivariate analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke in group AB was greater than for hemorrhagic stroke compared with group O (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.50 versus RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.82).
The study was limited by the population being mostly white, and it was underpowered to detect the associations with the subtypes of stroke such as hemorrhagic.
Qi said the next step is to determine whether lifestyle factors impact the stroke risk conferred by blood type.