Hypoxic postconditioning promotes neurogenesis by modulating the metabolism of neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia

Nothing in here tells me if ANY RECOVERY WAS ACHIEVED. Useless.

Hypoxic postconditioning promotes neurogenesis by modulating the metabolism of neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia

 

Author links open overlay panelHaiyanLi^ab1SijieLi^ab1ChanghongRen^ab1ChenGao^bNingLi^abChunxiuWang^cLinWang^abWenboZhao^abXunmingJi^ab

KunlinJin^d

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113871Get rights and content

Highlights

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Cerebral ischemia modulated the FAO and glycolysis of neural stem cells.

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HPC promoted the migration and proliferation of neural stem cells after MCAO.

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HPC modulated the FAO and glycolysis of neural stem cells in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is one of the most lethal and severely disabling diseases that seriously affects human health and quality of life. The maintenance of self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells are closely related to metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) could promote neurogenesis after ischemic stroke, and to investigate the role of neuronal stem cell metabolism in HPC-induced neuroprotection. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and HPC was performed for 3 h per day. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess neurogenesis. The cell line NE-4C was used to elucidate the proliferation of neuronal stem cells in 21% O₂ or 8% O₂. HPC promoted the recovery of neurological function in mice on day 14. HPC promoted neuronal precursor proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) on day 7 and enhanced neuronal precursor migration in the basal ganglia and cortex on day 14. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolysis of neural stem cells in the SVZ changed after MCAO with or without HPC. HPC promoted the proliferation of NE-4C stem cells, decreased FAO and increased glycolysis. All these beneficial effects of HPC were ablated by the application of an FAO activator or a glycolysis inhibitor. In conclusion, cerebral ischemia modulated the FAO and glycolysis of neural stem cells. HPC promoted the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells after MCAO, and these effects may be related to the regulation of metabolism, including FAO and glycolysis.

How Blood Sugar Levels Affect Alzheimer’s Disease Risk

Your chances of getting dementia. Your doctor should know about this and do something about it. 

1. A documented 33% dementia chance post-stroke from an Australian study?   May 2012.  

2. Then this study came out and seems to have a range from 17-66%. December 2013. 

3. A 20% chance in this research.   July 2013. 

4. Dementia Risk Doubled in Patients Following Stroke September 2018 

5. Parkinson’s Disease May Have Link to Stroke March 2017

Do you prefer your doctor being incompetent in not knowing or not doing? There is no excuse for such incompetency, see the following; You are on your own for prevention.

• dementia prevention (111)
• Alzheimers prevention (58)

How Blood Sugar Levels Affect Alzheimer’s Disease Risk                  

A significant number of studies continue to suggest links or connections do exist between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. They claim people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, are at higher risk
Do you prefer your doctor being incompetent in not knowing or not doing?

of eventually developing Alzheimer's dementia or other dementias.
These links, however, aren't fully understood. Studies also can't determine whether taking steps to prevent or control diabetes might help reduce the risk of cognitive decline, including the risk of developing Alzheimer's.
What’s widely recognized is that diabetes is considered a risk factor for vascular dementia. This type of dementia is often caused by reduced or blocked blood flow to the brain.
Doctors know many people with diabetes have brain changes that are clear indicators of both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Some think each condition fuels the damage caused by the other, hence the persistent theory of a connection between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Diabetes might also increase the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This is a condition where people experience more thinking (cognitive) and memory problems than are usually present in normal aging.
Now, new research is shedding a brighter light on why diabetes might lead to Alzheimer's. This conundrum was taken up at the recent Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago.
Again, it was pointed out there's some kind of link between Alzheimer's and diabetes. It's also known the risk for dementia increases twofold in people who have diabetes or metabolic syndrome. But, again, it's not clear what the connection is.
Dr. Liqin Zhao, Ph.D., an associate professor at the University of Kansas, believes the link might be found in the process that enables brain cells to turn sugar into energy. She said one part of that process is called glycolysis.
She pointed out that glycolysis helps brain cells communicate and get rid of the toxins associated with Alzheimer's. In one of her experiments, she gave mice a substance that she thought might help.
This substance is found in the brains of people with a gene that protects them against Alzheimer's.  Zhao said the substance made brain cells healthier overall.
"All of this together increased the brain's resilience against the onset of Alzheimer's disease," she revealed.
Blood sugar might also contribute to the sleep problems often affecting Alzheimer's patients. Dr. Shannon Lynn Macauley-Rambach, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine from Wake Forest School of Medicine, said studies of mice found the brain changes associated with Alzheimer's can interfere with sleep. But, so can abnormal levels of blood sugar, according to her.
"Whether your blood sugar is high or low, which are both found in diseases like Type 2 diabetes -- that this can actually lead to disrupted sleep," she said.
She believes restoring normal levels of blood sugar in Alzheimer's patients might improve their sleep and might even slow down the disease.

“We’ve found a molecule that can protect the brain even when it’s given up to eight hours after the stroke.” - spider venom

WHOM is your doctor and stroke hospital contacting to get this into human clinical trials? Or are they all fucking lazy assholes?

WAITING FOR SOMEONE ELSE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM?

https://qz.com/1109258/the-cure-to-hundreds-of-neurological-diseases-could-be-crawling-outside-your-home/ 
The stroke stuff is really important because there are no drugs for stroke. If you have a stroke now, when you get to the hospital after three or four hours, there’s really nothing that can be done for you. You just have to hope that you recover.
[We’ve found] a molecule that can protect the brain even when it’s given up to eight hours after the stroke. When you have a stroke, the region of the brain where the occlusion occurs loses oxygen. The brain is the biggest consumer of glucose in the body. It burns huge amounts of glucose, and it needs oxygen to do that. When it can’t do that it has to use glycolysis, and the end product of glycolysis is lactate, or lactic acid. Just like a muscle that runs out of oxygen when you’re working out, the brain produces large amounts of lactate after a stroke and so just like your muscle it ends up with lactic acidosis. The brain becomes acidic. We have molecules that stop that process.

More on other stuff they are researching at link