Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Showing posts with label risk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label risk. Show all posts

Thursday, September 28, 2017

Association between subjective risk perception and objective risk estimation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study

So you can discuss your risk perception vs. your doctors perception of atrial fibrillation risks. Good luck with that. And if your doctor is wrong about the risk coming true then you are the one having the disability, not your doctor. 

Association between subjective risk perception and objective risk estimation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study


BMJ Open | September 28, 2017
Zweiker D, et al. - This study probed into the connection between subjective risk perception and objective risk estimation in patients with atrial fibrillation. The data shed light on eminent variations between patients’ perceptions and physicians’ analyses of the risks and benefits of oral anticoagulation (OAC). The findings recommended paying extra focus to evidence-based and useful communication strategies, with the intention of ensuring shared decision-making and informed consent.

Methods

  • This cross-sectional prevalence trial utilized the convenience sampling and telephone follow-up.
  • It was carried out at 8 hospital departments and one general practitioner in Austria.
  • Patients’ perception of stroke and bleeding risk was opposed to commonly used risk scoring.
  • The enrollment consisted of patients with newly diagnosed AF and indication for anticoagulation.
  • The main outcome included the comparison of subjective risk perception with CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores illustrating the probable discrepancies between subjective and objective risk estimation.
  • An association was noted between the patients’ judgement of their own knowledge on AF and education with the accuracy of subjective risk appraisal.

Results

  • 91 patients (age 73±11 years, 45% female) were enrolled.
  • There was no link between the subjective stroke and bleeding risk estimation with risk scores (ρ=0.08 and ρ=0.17).
  • Maximum patients (57%) underestimated the individual stroke risk.
  • Patients feared stroke more than bleeding (67% vs 10%).
  • No association was observed between accurate perception of stroke and bleeding risks and education level.
  • A connection, however, was determined between the patients’ judgement of their own knowledge of AF and correct assessment of individual stroke risk (ρ=0.24, p=0.02).
  • The patients experienced the following events: death (n=5), stroke (n=2), bleeding (n=1), during follow-up.
  • OAC discontinuation rate regradless of the indication was 3%.

Monday, August 28, 2017

Four coffees a day slashes early death risk

I try to do this, but for other reasons also. Be careful if under age 45. What is your doctors' coffee protocol?

Coffee May Lower Your Risk of Dementia Feb. 2013

 

Drinking Coffee Can Lower Alzheimer's Risk By 20%, All It Takes Is 3 Cups A Day Dec. 2014 

How coffee protects against Parkinson’s Aug. 2014 

I'm doing this since my Dad has Parkinsons with dementia. 

Coffee linked with increased cardiovascular risk in young adults(18-45) with mild hypertension

The latest here:

Four coffees a day slashes early death risk 

News & Analysis

by Spectator Health reporter

28th August 2017
Share This

Higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death, according to a new study by Spanish researchers.

The observational study of almost 20,000 participants suggests that coffee can be part of a healthy diet.

On entering the study, volunteers (with an average age of 37) completed a food frequency questionnaire to collect information on coffee consumption, lifestyle previous health conditions.

Patients were followed-up for an average of ten years. During that ten year period, 337 participants died. The researchers found that participants who consumed at least four cups of coffee per day had a 64 per cent lower risk of death than those who never or almost never consumed coffee.

There was a 22 per cent lower risk of all-cause mortality for each two additional cups of coffee per day.

The researchers examined whether sex, age or adherence to the Mediterranean diet had any influence on the association between baseline coffee consumption and mortality. They observed a significant interaction between coffee consumption and age. In those who were at least 45 years old, drinking two additional cups of coffee per day was associated with a 30 per cent lower risk of mortality during follow-up. The association was not significant among younger participants.

Dr. Adela Navarro, the study’s lead author, said: ‘Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world. Previous studies have suggested that drinking coffee might be inversely associated with all-cause mortality but this has not been investigated in a Mediterranean country.’

‘In the SUN project we found an inverse association between drinking coffee and the risk of all-cause mortality, particularly in people aged 45 years and above. This may be due to a stronger protective association among older participants.’

‘Our findings suggest that drinking four cups of coffee each day can be part of a healthy diet in healthy people.’

Sunday, July 16, 2017

What Happy People Do Differently

I would consider myself happy., I fully follow the bolded red lines. Going luging was way outside my comfort zone. Trying to dance at the Winnipeg folk Festival is out there also but I do it anyway.  When in Spain I tried quite a few local delicacies, maybe one was worth trying again(Fan shaped mushrooms in red pesto sauce). 

What Happy People Do Differently



By Robert Biswas-Diener, Todd B. Kashdan, published on July 2, 2013 - last reviewed on April 10, 2017 
One of life's sharpest paradoxes is that the key to satisfaction is doing things that feel risky, uncomfortable, and occasionally bad.  
For psychologists who frequently fly cross-country, how we describe our career to seatmates—mentioning for example, that we are psychologists—determines whether we get five hours of airborne intrigue or inside access to a decaying marriage or more detail than you can imagine about an inability to resist maple-glazed Krispy Kremes. Even wearing oversized headphones often fails to dissuade the passenger hell-bent on telling her story of childhood abandonment (which is why it is handy for research psychologists to simply say we study " judgments"). For those of us who risk the truth and admit that we study happiness, there's one practically guaranteed response: What can I do to be happy?
The secret of happiness is a concern of growing importance in the modern era, as increased financial security has given many the time to focus on self-growth. No longer hunter-gatherers concerned with where to find the next kill, we worry instead about how to live our best lives. Happiness books have become a cottage industry; personal-development trainings are a bigger business than ever.
The pursuit of happiness is not uniquely American either—in a study of more than 10,000 participants from 48 countries, psychologists Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia discovered that people from every corner of the globe rated happiness as being more important than other highly desirable personal outcomes, such as having meaning in life, becoming rich, and getting into heaven.
The fever for happiness is spurred on, in part, by a growing body of research suggesting that happiness does not just feel good but is good for you—it's been linked to all sorts of benefits, from higher earnings and better immune-system functioning to boosts in creativity.
Most people accept that true happiness is more than a jumble of intensely positive feelings—it's probably better described as a sense of "peace" or "contentedness." Regardless of how it's defined, happiness is partly emotional—and therefore tethered to the truth that each individual's feelings have a natural set point, like a thermostat, which genetic baggage and personality play a role in establishing. Yes, positive events give you a boost, but before long you swing back toward your natural set point.
True happiness lasts longer than a burst of dopamine, however, so it's important to think of it as something more than just emotion. Your sense of happiness also includes cognitive reflections, such as when you give a mental thumbs-up or thumbs-down to your best friend's sense of humor, the shape of your nose, or the quality of your marriage. Only a bit of this sense has to do with how you feel; the rest is the product of mental arithmetic, when you compute your expectations, your ideals, your acceptance of what you can't change—and countless other factors. That is, happiness is a state of mind, and as such, can be intentional and strategic.
Regardless of your emotional set point, your everyday habits and choices—from the way you operate in a friendship to how you reflect on your life decisions—can push the needle on your well-being. Recent scholarship documenting the unique habits of those who are happiest in life even provides something of an instruction manual for emulating them. It turns out that activities that lead us to feel uncertainty, discomfort, and even a dash of guilt are associated with some of the most memorable and enjoyable experiences of people's lives. Happy people, it seems, engage in a wide range of counterintuitive habits that seem, well, downright unhappy.
It's a Friday night and you're planning on meeting friends for dinner. If you want to ensure that you'll go home full, you grab pizza or burgers. If you instead pick a cuisine you've never tried before (Ethiopian—sure, why not?) you run the risk that you won't like your injera and wat that much—but you might also uncover a surprising delight.
Truly happy people seem to have an intuitive grasp of the fact that sustained happiness is not just about doing things that you like. It also requires growth and adventuring beyond the boundaries of your comfort zone. Happy people, are, simply put, curious. In a 2007 study, Todd Kashdan and Colorado State psychologist Michael Steger found that when participants monitored their own daily activities, as well as how they felt, over the course of 21 days, those who frequently felt curious on a given day also experienced the most satisfaction with their life—and engaged in the highest number of happiness-inducing activities, such as expressing gratitude to a colleague or volunteering to help others.
Yet curiosity—that pulsing, eager state of not knowing—is fundamentally an anxious state. When, for instance, psychologist Paul Silvia showed research participants a variety of paintings, calming images by Claude Monet and Claude Lorrain evoked happy feelings, whereas the mysterious, unsettling works by Egon Schiele and Francisco Goya evoked curiosity.
Curiosity, it seems, is largely about exploration—often at the price of momentary happiness. Curious people generally accept the notion that while being uncomfortable and vulnerable is not an easy path, it is the most direct route to becoming stronger and wiser. In fact, a closer look at the study by Kashdan and Steger suggests that curious people invest in activities that cause them discomfort as a springboard to higher psychological peaks.
Of course, there are plenty of instances in life where the best way to increase your satisfaction is to simply do what you know feels good, whether it's putting your favorite song on the jukebox or making plans to see your best friend. But from time to time, it's worth seeking out an experience that is novel, complicated, uncertain, or even upsetting—whether that means finally taking the leap and doing karaoke for the first time or hosting a screening of your college friend's art-house film. The happiest people opt for both so that they can benefit, at various times, from each.

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

This happens in our mind when we take a gamble/risk

You are going to have to take a lot of risks in recovering from your stroke. Probably the most risky is walking. Do you have the proper risk taking circuits for recovering?
http://www.futurity.org/risk-decisions-1213152-2/
Scientists have located a region of the brain that kicks into gear when we make decisions that we’re not completely sure about.
The discovery could lead to treatments for psychological and psychiatric disorders that involve misjudging risk, such as problem gambling and anxiety disorders.
“We know from human imaging studies that certain parts of the brain are more or less active in risk-seeking people, but the neural circuits involved are largely unknown,” says Ilya Monosov, assistant professor of neuroscience at Washington University in St. Louis. “We found a population of value-coding neurons that are specifically suppressed when animals make a risky choice.”
Value-coding neurons are cells whose activity reflects the value of a stimulus—in this study, the more juice that was offered to a monkey, the bigger the neurons’ response. However, shortly before the subject made a risky choice, these neurons became suppressed.
A single brain connection predicts risky gambling
The researchers also found a separate group of neurons that signal information about uncertainty after the choice but before the risky outcome. Their findings appear in the Journal of Neuroscience.
“It makes sense that choosing an uncertain option is an important part of learning.”
As they go about their everyday lives, people often must choose between a safe option and a better, but riskier, option. Do you stay in a secure job or quit to start your own business? Do you keep $2 in your pocket or use the money to buy a lottery ticket?
When the system of evaluating risk goes awry, it can have a severe impact on people’s lives. Maladaptive risky behaviors are a feature of compulsive gambling, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. People with anxiety, on the other hand, err too far on the side of caution.
To study the neuronal circuits of risk-taking, researchers gave rhesus monkeys—whose brains are structured very similarly to humans—a choice between a small amount of juice or a 50-50 chance of receiving either double that amount of juice or nothing at all. Over time, the amount of juice received under either condition would be the same, but one option was safe and the other risky.

Living on the edge

It turns out rhesus monkeys like to live on the edge. The monkeys chose the risky option more often than the safe option. Moreover, a group of value-coding neurons in a part of the brain called the ventral pallidum were selectively suppressed when monkeys chose a risky option over a safe one.
The ventral pallidum plays an important role in controlling levels of dopamine—a molecule that transmits signals between neurons and makes us feel good.
“The ventral pallidum inhibits dopamine neurons, and suppression of this area during risky behavior may increase dopamine release,” says Monosov, who is also an adjunct professor of biomedical engineering.
The results of the study may fit with observations showing an increase in risky behavior among people who take drugs that increase dopamine—such as methamphetamine users and Parkinson’s disease patients treated with L-dopa.
Can brain scans predict risky sex and drinking?
The study also found neurons in a nearby brain area called the medial basal forebrain became most active after the monkeys made a risky choice but before they learned the outcome of their choice—juice or no juice. That part of the brain provides inputs to a wide network of cortical brain regions involved in learning and memory.
“It makes sense that choosing an uncertain option is an important part of learning,” Monosov says. “When people are uncertain, they are driven to resolve the uncertainty. They approach the uncertain option, explore it, and learn from the outcome of their actions.” Modulating the medial basal forebrain by uncertainty could promote or influence learning. However, this remains to be tested.
Monosov is now studying whether temporarily turning off the ventral pallidum and the medial basal forebrain with targeted drug treatments affect the monkeys’ risk preferences and the strategies they use to learn.
“There are no anatomically targeted treatments for psychiatric disorders associated with misjudging risk, such as pathological gambling and anxiety,” Monosov says “Now that we know where uncertainty is processed in the brain, we can start looking for ways to modulate it.”
The Edward Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation funded the work.
Source: Washington University in St. Louis

Wednesday, March 2, 2016

Moderate drinking has risks and benefits, heavy drinking heightens short- and long-term risk of heart attack, stroke

They seemed not to come up with the appropriate conclusion based upon the results. In order to lessen your chance of stroke or heart attack you should never have a period that is immediately after starting drinking. You need the protection after 24 hours constantly. So the obvious conclusion is to be drinking alcohol everyday. These people had to be stupid not to understand the obvious conclusion from this research.  But don't do this.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-03-moderate-benefits-heavy-heightens-short-.html
Drinking alcohol is associated with an immediate higher risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke. The risk lessens and can become protective after 24 hours for moderate drinking but remains high for heavy drinking, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention/Lifestyle 2016 Scientific Sessions.
The study, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of previous research, will also be published simultaneously in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation.
"There appears to be a transiently higher risk of heart attack and strokes in the hours after drinking an alcoholic beverage but within a day after drinking, only heavy intake seems to pose a higher cardiovascular risk," said Elizabeth Mostofsky, Sc.D., study lead author, instructor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and post-doctoral fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts.
Previous research has described cardiovascular risks following moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, but the immediate risks have not been well documented.
"Ours is the first to synthesize all the available information to gain new knowledge on the acute risk of heart attacks and strokes in the hours after drinking and the risk in the following week for different amounts of alcohol consumed," Mostofsky said.
Researchers analyzed evidence on the risk of heart attacks and strokes in the hours and days after drinking alcohol from 23 studies that included nearly 30,000 participants.
Immediately following alcohol intake, there are both harmful and protective physical responses. Within one to three hours, a single dose of alcohol increases heart rate and disrupts the heart's normal pacing but by 24 hours, improves blood flow, blood vessels' lining function and reduces clotting.
Moderate drinking - up to six drinks a week in this study - was associated with an immediately higher cardiovascular risk but within a day was considered protective and associated with a lower risk of a having heart attack or stroke from bleeds and within the week was associated with a lower risk of strokes from clots.
However, heavy alcohol use was associated with higher and stroke risks at all times studied: six to nine drinks in a day nearly doubled the risk and 19 to 30 drinks in a week elevated the risk by up to six times more.
Heavy drinking is typically described for men as consuming 15 or more drinks per week and more than 8 drinks per week for women. According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, moderate drinking is up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men.
"Just after drinking, blood pressure rises and blood platelets become stickier, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes," Mostofsky said. "However, regularly drinking small amounts of alcohol in the long term appears to both increase levels of HDL cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), the so-called good cholesterol, and reduce the tendency to form blood clots."
"If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation," she said.
Likewise, the American Heart Association recommends consuming alcohol in moderation if you already drink but cautions people to not start drinking and consult your doctor on your risks and benefits of consuming alcohol in moderation.

Thursday, August 20, 2015

Nine risk factors may contribute to two-thirds of Alzheimer's cases worldwide

See what your doctor is doing for you post-stroke to lower your chances  of getting Alzheimers/dementia. Well one of my carotid arteries is substantially narrowed, down to zero.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-08-factors-contribute-two-thirds-alzheimer-cases.html
Nine potentially modifiable risk factors may contribute to up to two thirds of Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide, suggests an analysis of the available evidence, published online in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

The analysis indicates the complexity of Alzheimer's disease development and just how varied the risk factors for it are.
But the researchers suggest that preventive strategies, targeting diet, drugs, body chemistry, mental health, pre-existing disease, and lifestyle may help to stave off dementia. This could be particularly important, given that, as yet, there is no cure, they say.
The researchers wanted to look at the factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease in a bid to determine the degree to which these might be modified and so potentially reduce overall risk.
They therefore trawled key research databases, looking for relevant studies published in English from 1968 up to July 2014.
Out of almost 17,000 studies, 323, covering 93 different potential risk factors and more than 5000 people, were suitable for inclusion in the analysis. The researchers pooled the data from each of the studies and graded the evidence according to its strength.
They found grade 1 level evidence in favour of a protective effect for the female hormone oestrogen, cholesterol lowering drugs (statins), drugs to lower high blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
They found the same level of evidence for folate, vitamins C and E, and coffee, all of which were associated with helping to stave off the disease.
Similarly, the pooled data indicated a strong association between high levels of homocysteine—an amino acid manufactured in the body—and depression and a significantly heightened risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
The evidence also strongly pointed to the complex roles of pre-existing conditions as either heightening or lowering the risk.
The factors associated with a heightened risk included frailty, carotid artery narrowing, high and low blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes (in the Asian population). Those associated with a lowered risk included a history of arthritis, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
Certain factors seemed to be linked to altered risk, depending on the time of life and ethnic background.
For example, high or low body mass index (BMI) in mid-life and low educational attainment were associated with increased risk, whereas high BMI in later life, exercising one's brain, current smoking (excluding the Asian population), light to moderate drinking, and stress were associated with lowered risk.
There were no significant associations found for workplace factors.
The researchers then assessed the population attributable risk (PAR) for nine risk factors which had strong evidence in favour of an association with Alzheimer's disease in the pooled analysis, and for which there are data on global prevalence.
PAR refers to a mathematical formula used to define the proportion of disease in a defined population that would disappear if exposure to a specific risk factor were to be eliminated.
The nine included obesity, current smoking (in the Asian population), carotid artery narrowing, type 2 diabetes (in the Asian population), low educational attainment, high levels of homocysteine, depression, high blood pressure and frailty.
The combined PAR indicated that these nine factors, each of which is potentially modifiable, contribute up to around two thirds of cases globally.
This is an observational study, so no definitive conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, but the researchers suggest that preventive strategies, targeting diet, prescription drugs, body chemistry, mental health, underlying disease, and lifestyle might help curb the number of new cases of Alzheimer's disease.
More information: Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310548

Provided by: British Medical Journal search and more info website

Friday, January 16, 2015

Mortality and cancer in relation to ABO blood group phenotypes in the Golestan Cohort Study

A non-modifiable risk factor. I have O negative blood so even that didn't prevent my stroke.
The research article here; 
Mortality and cancer in relation to ABO blood group phenotypes in the Golestan Cohort Study

Conclusions

Non-O blood groups have an increased mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases, which may be due to the effect of blood group alleles on blood biochemistry or their effect on von Willebrand factor and factor VIII levels. 
A news writeup about the research;

What Your Blood Type Says About Your Life Span

In the study, researchers followed about 50,000 middle-age and elderly people in northeastern Iran for an average of seven years. They found that people with non-O blood types were 9 percent more likely to die during the study for any health-related reason, and 15 percent more likely to die from cardiovascular disease, compared with people with blood type O.


Wednesday, December 24, 2014

Statins and the risk of herpes zoster: A population-based cohort study

I have no clue if this is alarming or not. Ask your up-to-date doctor for clarification on whether you should worry about this.
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/12/02/cid.cit745.short?rss=1
  1. Tara Gomes2,3,4,6
+ Author Affiliations
  1. 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital
  2. 2Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
  3. 3University of Toronto
  4. 4Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences
  5. 5Sunnybrook Research Institute
  6. 6Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  7. 7King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  1. Correspondence: Tony Antoniou, PhD, 410 Sherbourne St, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M4X 1K2, Canada (tantoniou@smh.ca).

Abstract

Background.  Statins are widely used lipid-lowering drugs with immunomodulatory properties that may favor reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection. However, whether statins increase the risk of herpes zoster is unknown.
Methods. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of Ontario residents aged ≥66 years between 1 April 1997 and 31 March 2010 to examine the association between statin use and incidence of herpes zoster. We used propensity score matching to ensure similarity between users and nonusers of statins, and Cox proportional hazard models to assess differences in outcomes between study groups. To test the specificity of our findings, we examined the association between statin exposure and knee arthroplasty.
Results. During the 13-year study period, we matched 494 651 individuals treated with a statin to an equal number of untreated individuals. In the main analysis, the rate of herpes zoster was higher among users of statins relative to nonusers of these drugs (13.25 vs 11.71 per 1000 person-years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.17). The attributable fraction of exposed individuals was 11.6%. In a prespecified analysis, we found a similar risk of herpes zoster among statin users in the subgroup of patients with diabetes (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09–1.27). As expected, we found no association between statin use and knee arthroplasty (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, .99–1.09).
Conclusions.Among older patients, treatment with statins is associated with a small but significantly increased risk of herpes zoster.


Monday, November 3, 2014

Friday, March 14, 2014

Self-rated physical fitness in midlife an indicator of dementia risk

Right up until my stroke I would have rated my fitness as an athlete. So does that negate my 33% of stroke survivors that get dementia.?

 http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=139368&CultureCode=en
How would you rate your own physical fitness? Is it good, satisfactory or maybe even poor? Surprisingly, your answer may reveal your future risk of getting dementia.
A recent collaborative study from Finland, involving the follow-up of 3,559 adults for 30 years, has found that a simple question about self-rated physical fitness in midlife may reveal individuals who are at an increased risk of developing dementia. Those who reported poor self-rated physical fitness in midlife, at the mean age of 50 years, were four times more likely to get dementia during the next three decades compared to those with good self-rated physical fitness.
“Previous research has shown that self-rated health is a strong indicator of adverse health events. This is the first large population-based study investigating associations between self-rated physical fitness during the three decades from midlife to later life and dementia risk,” says Postdoctoral Researcher, Dr Jenni Kulmala from the Gerontology Research Center at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
The association between poor self-rated physical fitness and dementia was most pronounced among noncarriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, that is, people who did not have a strong genetic susceptibility for dementia. A strong association was also observed among people with chronic diseases.
“Chronic conditions independently increase the dementia risk. Furthermore, if a person additionally feels that his or her physical fitness is poor, the risk is even higher. In terms of dementia prevention, maintaining good physical fitness seems to be especially important for people with chronic diseases,” Kulmala says.
Poor self-rated fitness is known to be affected by lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, poor mental wellbeing, lack of social connections, lower education, high body mass index and smoking. Perceived poor physical fitness therefore integrates several unfavourable aspects of lifestyle that have all been previously linked to increased dementia risk.
“The perception of poor physical fitness is most likely affected by different factors for different people. Therefore, I would encourage those who rate their fitness as poor to think about the factors behind this perception. Increasing physical and social activity, making better dietary choices or quitting smoking, for example, could change the rating into more positive. Individual choices that make you feel physically better may substantially decrease your future risk of developing dementia,” Kulmala says.
The participants in this study came from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) study, which is an ongoing joint effort of the Department of Neurology at the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; the National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and the Aging Research Center of Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. The aim of the CAIDE study is to investigate the connection between social, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors and cognition and dementia. The Academy of Finland has funded the research through Jenni Kulmala’s project.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joim.12202/abstract

Saturday, October 26, 2013

Common BP Drugs Tied to Lower Risk of Alzheimer's

Ask your doctor if this 50% reduction is enough to offset your 33% chance of developing Dementia/Alzheimers after a stroke.?  
It should be damn easy for your doctor to find out, look at the bolded study leader, if s/he can't pick up the phone and find that person you have a  doctor to fire. 

http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/news/20131024/common-blood-pressure-drugs-tied-to-lower-risk-of-alzheimers-study
Although it remains unclear exactly how drugs such as ACE inhibitors or diuretics might protect the brain, researchers say these new findings could lead to a better understanding of Alzheimer's and new treatments to slow or delay the progression of the memory-robbing disease.
"We found a risk reduction by 50 percent. That tells you there must be something there," said study leader Dr. Sevil Yasar, an assistant professor of medicine in the department of geriatric medicine and gerontology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Saturday, April 20, 2013

Swedish study suggests reduced risk of dementia

Since we are at increased risk already due to our strokes your doctor needs to tell you how to reduce that risk.
http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=130409&CultureCode=en

A new Swedish study published in the journal Neurology shows that the risk of developing dementia may have declined over the past 20 years, in direct contrast to what many previously assumed. The result is based on data from the SNAC-K, an ongoing study on aging and health that started in 1987.

“We know that cardiovascular disease is an important risk factor for dementia. The suggested decrease in dementia risk coincides with the general reduction in cardiovascular disease over recent decades”, says Associate Professor Chengxuan Qiu of the Aging Research Center (ARC), established by Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University. “Health check-ups and cardiovascular disease prevention have improved significantly in Sweden, and we now see results of this improvement reflected in the risk of developing dementia.”
Dementia is a constellation of symptoms characterized by impaired memory and other mental functions. After age 75, dementia is commonly due to multiple causes, mainly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. In the current study, more than 3000 persons 75 years and older living in the central Stockholm neighborhood of Kungsholmen participated. Of the participants, 523 were diagnosed with some form of dementia. The key members of the research group have been essentially the same since 1987, including the neurologist responsible for the clinical diagnoses of dementia. All study participants were assessed by a nurse, a physician, and a psychologist.
The result shows the prevalence of dementia was stable in both men and women across all age groups after age 75 during the entire study period (1987-1989 and 2001-2004), despite the fact that the survival of persons with dementia increased since the end of the 1980s. This means that the overall risk of developing dementia must have declined during the period, possibly thanks to prevention and better treatment of cardiovascular disease.
“The reduction of dementia risk is a positive phenomenon, but it is important to remember that the number of people with dementia will continue to rise along with the increase in life expectancy and absolute numbers of people over age 75”, says Professor Laura Fratiglioni, Director of the Aging Research Center. “This means that the societal burden of dementia and the need for medical and social services will continue to increase. Today there’s no way to cure patients who have dementia. Instead we must continue to improve health care and prevention in this area.”
The study was funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS ), the Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, the Swedish Research Council, and Swedish Brain Power.

Friday, April 19, 2013

Elevated resting heart rate, physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a 16-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study

See if your doctor can tell from this any useful tidbits on how you can live longer.
http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2013/03/21/heartjnl-2012-303375

Abstract

Objective To examine whether elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is an independent risk factor for mortality or a mere marker of physical fitness (VO2Max).
Methods This was a prospective cohort study: the Copenhagen Male Study, a longitudinal study of healthy middle-aged employed men. Subjects with sinus rhythm and without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes were included. RHR was assessed from a resting ECG at study visit in 1985–1986. VO2Max was determined by the Åstrand bicycle ergometer test in 1970–1971. Subjects were classified into categories according to level of RHR. Associations with mortality were studied in multivariate Cox models adjusted for physical fitness, leisure-time physical activity and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Results 2798 subjects were followed for 16 years. 1082 deaths occurred. RHR was inversely related to physical fitness (p&lt0.001). Overall, increasing RHR was highly associated with mortality in a graded manner after adjusting for physical fitness, leisure-time physical activity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to men with RHR ≤50, those with RHR &gt90 had an HR (95% CI) of 3.06 (1.97 to 4.75). With RHR as a continuous variable, risk of mortality increased with 16% (10–22) per 10 beats per minute (bpm). There was a borderline interaction with smoking (p=0.07); risk per 10 bpm increase in RHR was 20% (12–27) in smokers, and 14% (4–24) in non-smokers.
Conclusions Elevated RHR is a risk factor for mortality independent of physical fitness, leisure-time physical activity and other major cardiovascular risk factors.

Friday, February 22, 2013

Damage to Tiny Blood Vessels in Brain May Raise Alzheimer's Risk

These white matter hyperintensities are often caused by silent strokes.
http://consumer.healthday.com/Article.asp?AID=673578
Damage to tiny blood vessels in the brain might be a secondary contributor to Alzheimer's disease, a new, small study suggests.
Areas of this blood vessel damage, called white matter hyperintensities, are found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and appear to raise the risk for the condition, the researchers report. It is believed that the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques in the brain are a primary factor in the development of the memory-robbing condition.
"If you have both these white matter hyperintensities and amyloid in the brain, then you are more likely to get Alzheimer's disease down the road than if you just have one of these," said study senior author Adam Brickman, an assistant professor of neuropsychology at Columbia University's Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain.
The exact connection between this vessel damage and Alzheimer's disease isn't exactly clear, he added. While the study showed an association between the two, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
"There are a number of things that happen through aging that can influence the vessels of the brain, but there also might be an interaction with Alzheimer's disease itself, where the disease is damaging the vessels or the vessel damage is causing the Alzheimer's disease," Brickman explained.
These tiny vessels might also become damaged through a variety of conditions, including high blood pressure, low blood pressure, oxidative stress, diabetes or inflammation, he explained.
The goal of the research is to one day target these damaged vessels as a way to slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease, Brickman said.
"Maybe not a primary target, but certainly a potential target," he said. "If we know what the risk factors for white matter disease are, they are perfectly reasonable targets for either prevention or possible treatment."
Limiting the damage to the brain's blood vessels is also important, Brickman said. Keeping body weight and blood pressure levels in the normal range and not smoking can go a long way in preventing Alzheimer's disease, he said.
For the study, Brickman's team looked for blood vessel damage in the brains of 20 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and in 21 people without the condition.
The researchers found that people with Alzheimer's disease had larger areas of damage than those who were not diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
In addition, blood vessel damage in 59 people with mild memory problems who were included in the study were signs that they were at risk for Alzheimer's disease, the researchers added.
Brickman noted that these areas of blood vessel damage are seen in most patients with Alzheimer's disease. "I think the reason we don't see it in every patient is because the MRI technology we use might not be sensitive enough to pick up all the changes in white matter disease," he said.
The report was published in the Feb. 18 online edition of JAMA Neurology.
One expert said the damage to the tiny blood vessels is yet another aspect to the development of Alzheimer's disease, but it complicates understanding the condition.
"This study provides clear evidence that dementia patients in the real world are more complex than those with the pristine pure Alzheimer's disease that we select in research centers," said Dr. Sam Gandy, associate director of the Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center in New York City.
The causes of this blood vessel damage in the brain aren't well understood, but it appears that these white matter hyperintensities do signal brain damage linked to dementia, he said.
Gandy also noted these areas of blood vessel damage make it harder to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs being tested to reduce plaque in Alzheimer's patients.

6 Surprising Ways to Reduce Your Parkinson's Risk

This is one of those brain diseases I worry about. I asked my doctor about my chances of getting it, he pooh-poohed the idea, but then he was completely unknowledgeable about stroke too.
Details at link;
http://www.caring.com/articles/6-ways-to-reduce-parkinsons-risk?utm_medium=email&utm_source=suggests&utm_content=20130221
1. Coffee to Reduce Parkinson's Risk - Possibly also for Alzheimers

2. Boost Your Vitamin D to Reduce Parkinson's Risk
3. Add Berries to the Mix to Reduce Parkinson's Risk - may not help in stroke but I'll keep those berries going.
4. Fight Inflammation With Ibuprofen to Reduce Parkinson's Risk - two-for-one, Helps Repair Brain After Stroke
5.  Stop Drinking Milk to Reduce Parkinson's Risk - This will be extremely difficult.
6. Avoid Pesticides to Reduce Parkinson's Risk
And then there is Paradoxical Kinesis - it has been suggested that
severely disabled patients remained able to produce normal
motor responses under particular circumstances.  Anectdotally, shouting fire in a room of Parkinsons patients will result in them getting out quite fast.

Thursday, January 31, 2013

Neural Integration of Risk and Effort Costs by the Frontal Pole: Only upon Request

A question for your doctor. Has your risk/reward center been damaged? What protocol will be used to fix it? These are extremely serious questions your doctor better know the answers to. If not then they should be setting up research to find out about it. 

Neural Integration of Risk and Effort Costs by the Frontal Pole: Only upon Request


Abstract

Rewards in real life are rarely received without incurring costs and successful reward harvesting often involves weighing and minimizing different types of costs. In the natural environment, such costs often include the physical effort required to obtain rewards and potential risks attached to them. Costs may also include potential risks. In this study, we applied fMRI to explore the neural coding of physical effort costs as opposed to costs associated with risky rewards. Using an incentive-compatible valuation mechanism, we separately measured the subjective costs associated with effortful and risky options. As expected, subjective costs of options increased with both increasing effort and increasing risk. Despite the similar nature of behavioral discounting of effort and risk, distinct regions of the brain coded these two cost types separately, with anterior insula primarily processing risk costs and midcingulate and supplementary motor area (SMA) processing effort costs. To investigate integration of the two cost types, we also presented participants with options that combined effortful and risky elements. We found that the frontal pole integrates effort and risk costs through functional coupling with the SMA and insula. The degree to which the latter two regions influenced frontal pole activity correlated with participant-specific behavioral sensitivity to effort and risk costs. These data support the notion that, although physical effort costs may appear to be behaviorally similar to other types of costs, such as risk, they are treated separately at the neural level and are integrated only if there is a need to do so.

Monday, January 14, 2013

Erectile dysfunction linked with increased risk of CV events

OK, ok, going after the catchy headline. They do make a weak case for ED drugs helping prevent CV events.
http://www.theheart.org/article/1494733.do?utm_medium=email&utm_source=20130114_heartwire&utm_campaign=newsletter
"Improvement of ED by lifestyle interventions per se might be beneficial in terms of prognosis, and our results highlight the role of ED as a potential low-cost biomarker that would call for more aggressive cardiovascular-risk-factor modification," write the authors. "Of special interest is the effect of pharmacological treatment of ED, because it seems that this may also have a beneficial impact on risk."

Friday, January 11, 2013

The Danger in CT Scans

So ask your doctor what use your CT scans have and how MRI scans compare to CT scans, both in terms of usability and radiation. I'm sure your doctor warned you about these side effects.
Blogger here:
http://healthwise-everythinghealth.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-danger-in-ct-scans.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2FTSYCi+%28EverythingHealth%29
A CT scan delivers a mega-dose of radiation - as much as 500 times that of a conventional X-ray.