Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Showing posts with label gardening. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gardening. Show all posts

Thursday, August 20, 2026

Experts: Embrace These 9 “Old People” Habits Now to Possibly Live Longer (And Better)

 I'm going to have a high quality life until the day I die.

Experts: Embrace These 9 “Old People” Habits Now to Possibly Live Longer (And Better) 

"Longevity is about living more quality years," says one expert—here are some top recommendations for achieving that goal.

Highlights

  • Many so-called “old people” habits are simple, science-backed ways to support healthy aging.
  • Small everyday choices, such as walking and protecting your vision, can help you stay active and independent.
  • Experts say there’s no reason to delay—you can start these habits today.

There comes a point when many of us start catching ourselves doing things we associate with aging—reaching for reading glasses, choosing comfortable shoes over stylish ones, taking a walk after dinner, or picking up a crossword puzzle.

Though it’s common to joke that these habits signal “I’m getting old,” many of these everyday behaviors actually come with health benefits that people of any age can appreciate.

While no single routine can guarantee a longer life, experts say these simple practices can help protect your body, sharpen your mind, and help you stay active and independent for years to come.

Ahead, we spoke with two experts—a neurosurgeon and a geriatrician—to help determine which “old people” habits don’t deserve the stigma and are, in fact, worth adopting sooner rather than later.

1. Power walking

It’s no secret that walking comes with an array of health benefits, from improving your circulation and aerobic fitness to maintaining healthy blood pressure. While even a leisurely stroll comes with health perks, picking up the pace may help maximize the benefits.

Power walking may be stereotyped as an “older person” habit, but it’s an exercise that boosts health at all ages—and the earlier you start, the better. According to the American Heart Association, walking at a brisk pace at least 150 minutes a week can help you think and sleep better, reduce your risk of dementia, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, and prevent weight gain.

Nope. Since my doctor completely fucking failed at my recovery; my left knee hyperextends and power walking will never occur! I will need my spasticity cured before ever trying this.

Power walking can also boost your bone health and decrease the risk of osteoporosis. “Regular movement, including walking, stretching, and strength training, helps maintain the muscles that support the spine and keep joints flexible,” explains Arthur L. Jenkins, III, MD, FACS, FAANS, a board-certified neurosurgeon specializing in complex spinal neurosurgery and the founder of Jenkins Neurospine.

While the ideal walking pace differs for everyone, Harvard Health recommends aiming for a speed that raises your heart rate and quickens your breathing so that you can only talk in short sentences.

2. Gardening

Nope, living in a condo so I don't have to do any outdoor tasks.

According to a 2023 Statista survey, around 34% of American retirees take up gardening, making it one of the top hobbies.

But why wait until retirement to reap the benefits of digging in the dirt? UNC Health reveals gardening can help strengthen your heart (thanks to manual labor), reduce stress, improve hand and grip strength—which may serve as a marker for longevity—and provide a vitamin D boost from being outside.

Most interestingly, scientists have even investigated whether exposure to naturally occurring soil microbes like Mycobacterium vaccae may play a role in stress reduction, though research is still emerging on this topic.

3. Increasing the font size on your devices

It’s easy to tease parents or grandparents about the font size on their phones or computers—but they may be on to something.

For example, slouching or slumping in your desk chair while trying to read your computer or phone screen can cause back, shoulder, and neck pain, and ultimately impact your spine, making it more fragile and prone to injury.

“I encourage people to be mindful of their body mechanics throughout the day, whether they are sitting at a desk, lifting objects, or doing household activities,” says Dr. Jenkins. “Small adjustments, like maintaining good posture and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity, can make a significant difference in long-term spine health.”

4. Opting for supportive shoes over stylish ones

Comfy footwear may not be as fashionable as stilettos or trendy sandals, but your long-term foot health will thank you for making the sacrifice.

Rosanne M. Leipzig, MD, PhD, a geriatrician, professor, and author of Honest Aging: An Insider’s Guide to the Second Half of Life, explains that older adults may choose more supportive shoes to help with balance issues or a fear of falling, especially when friends or loved ones have experienced significant issues such as hip fractures.

However, she adds that older adults may also care less about what others think—and that may be a mentality younger adults can benefit from. Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that poorly fitting shoes can worsen or cause foot problems, including bunions, heel spurs, hammertoes, and corns.

“Simple choices like wearing supportive shoes are not just things you need to consider as you get older,” adds Dr. Jenkins. “They are preventative habits that can help reduce unnecessary stress on the spine and protect mobility over time.”

5. Using reading glasses

According to The Vision Council, around 34.5 million Americans wear over-the-counter reading glasses—and if you’re squinting your eyes to read a book or scroll social media, you may need to grab a pair, too.

“Vision changes with age in many ways,” says Dr. Leipzig. “The lens in the eye hardens, and the muscles responsible for changing its shape weaken, resulting in the need for reading glasses.” She adds that the pupil gets smaller and less responsive to light, and contrast sensitivity decreases.

Using reading glasses when you need them can also help reduce eye strain and discourage awkward postures like craning your neck or leaning toward a screen.

6. Doing crossword puzzles

Well this was known way back in May 2019, DID YOUR INCOMPETENT DOCTOR MISS THIS?

I'll have to start up Sudoku and Ken-ken again. I'll still do my extensive social activities, I'm not taking chances.

Regular crosswords and number puzzles linked to sharper brain in later life May 2019 

Dr. Leipzig says crossword puzzles and similar brain games provide valuable cognitive stimulation. One of the most common age-related cognitive changes, she explains, is the familiar “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon—knowing a word but struggling to recall it.

Beyond exercising word recall, mentally challenging activities can also engage attention, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills that help keep the brain active as you age.

7. Eating an early dinner

As we age, our circadian rhythm often shifts, leading to earlier bed and wake times—and, ultimately, an earlier dinner, says Dr. Leipzig.

But the “early bird special” isn’t just beneficial for older adults. Studies suggest that late-night eating may increase your risk of obesity, and a growing body of research suggests that consuming more of your daily calories earlier in the day may support a healthier weight and improve metabolic health.

8. Crocheting or knitting


Nope, doctor failure at getting my left hand recovered!

If you consider knitting to be a “grandma” hobby, think again.

Beyond producing cozy blankets and scarves, the hobby combines creativity, focus, and repetitive hand movements that many people find relaxing. For example, in a survey of more than 8,000 crocheters from 87 countries, nearly 90% said the activity helped them feel calmer, while more than 80% reported feeling happier after crocheting—all of which contributes to healthier aging.

9. Caring less about what other people think

I never did.

Older adults are often stereotyped as being set in their ways, but research suggests many actually develop a healthier outlook with age. Dr. Leipzig calls it the “paradox of positive aging.”

“Despite dealing with many significant losses, they look at things through a more positive lens and are better able to control their emotions, because they realize they don’t have all the time in the world left,” she says. “Many concentrate their time and energy on what matters and what is important to them.”

The biggest takeaway? Just keep moving.

While adopting more “old people” habits may help support long-term health, Dr. Jenkins says living longer isn’t the only goal—it’s also about living better.

“Longevity is about living more quality years where you can stay active, independent, and able to do the things you enjoy,” he says. “Regular movement helps maintain strength, balance, flexibility, and the muscle support [your body] needs to function properly.”

Dr. Leipzig agrees that staying active is one of the most powerful ways to support healthy aging, calling exercise the closest thing we have to a “magic bullet.” She says regular physical activity benefits nearly every aspect of health, from strength, bone density, and balance, to better mood and cognition.

As Dr. Jenkins puts it, “Whether it’s walking, stretching, or strength training, consistent activity is one of the best investments you can make for your long-term health.”

About the experts

  • Arthur L. Jenkins III, MD, is a board-certified neurosurgeon, an expert in complex spinal neurosurgery, and founder of Jenkins NeuroSpine. Dr. Jenkins is one of the exclusive doctors for the NYPD Honorary Surgeons Program and has been on call for the New York Jets for more than a decade.
  • Rosanne M. Leipzig, MD, PhD, is an Emerita Professor and Vice Chair in the Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. She speaks to a wide range of audiences about aging as a life transition and is the author of Honest Aging: An Insider’s Guide to the Second Half of Life.

Sunday, June 21, 2026

Neuroscientists recommend these 10 hobbies for brain health

 

Have your competent? doctor summarize this INTO AN EXACT PROTOCOL! You don't want to do it wrong and your doctor, IF COMPETENT AT ALL, should easily be able to do that. But you don't have a functioning stroke doctor, do you?

Neuroscientists recommend these 10 hobbies for brain health

Living a long and healthy life might be surprisingly impacted by your leisure activities. Finding the right hobbies to keep your brain sharp is something that doctors recommend for people of all ages. No matter what your interests are — getting outside, music, painting, socializing with others in your community — there's sure to be a brain-boosting hobby on this list that you'll want to try.

“Engaging in hobbies is one of the best ways to keep your brain healthy,” says Vonetta Dotson, PhD, chief of neuropsychology at Brigham & Women’s Hospital, author of Keep Your Wits About You: The Science of Brain Maintenance as You Age and founder and CEO of CerebroFit Integrated Brain Health. “Many hobbies, such as making art or playing music, challenge your mind, which strengthens the brain’s ability to adapt and build new connections.”

“Learning something new is stimulating and rewarding. Many studies have shown that novel, positive experiences promote the release of dopamine, which reinforces the actions involved in the positive experience,” says Margaret Rice, PhD, professor in the departments of neurosurgery and neuroscience at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

Here are the best hobbies for brain health, according to experts.

Aerobic Exercise

It’s probably no surprise that physical activity, such as brisk walking or hiking, tops the list of hobbies that are good for you. One recent review found that exercise improved cognitive function in the study participants in their 50s and older, regardless of their cognitive status. It doesn't matter what you choose: “The best exercise is the one you’ll do regularly,” says Rice.

Dancing

(The one thing I will not do because embarrassment. My left arm bounces, not a good look for my partner.)

Take a dance class alone or go dancing regularly with a partner, either way, dancing requires both physical and mental engagement, which supports neuroplasticity. While dancing ticks the box for aerobic exercise, it also often involves a social aspect, which is protective for brain health, says Dotson.

Music

(Live music Sunday and Tuesday night at bars; there will be no condemnation of my drinking. It improves my social connections which will prevent dementia)

Whether listening to music, singing, or learning to play a musical instrument, music has been shown to keep our brains nimble. Research hasn’t identified why music is so good for us, but one theory is that it engages multiple neural systems of the brain. In addition, if you’re learning a new instrument, for example, you’re challenging your brain to adapt, and novelty activates neuroplasticity, says Dotson.

Gardening

(Not going to occur, live in a condo.)

Whether you plant flowers, vegetables or herbs, gardening has been shown to be good for the brain. One study showed levels of brain nerve growth factors related to memory were significantly increased after gardening activity. Gardening also yields a sense of accomplishment, which is linked with better cognitive health, says Dotson.

Arts and Crafts

(Most of these are two-handed endeavors so impossible for me because of massive failures of my doctor and therapists!)

Creating something with your hands is another way to keep your brain healthy. Dotson notes that one study found that engaging in visual arts, such as coloring, doodling and free drawing, activated the medial prefrontal cortex. Participants found the activities relaxing and reporting improvements in creativity and problem-solving at the end of each art-making session.

Volunteering

(Not in my wheelhouse.)

Social interaction keeps the brain agile, and volunteering also allows us to feel a sense of connection and purpose, says Dotson. One study found that formal volunteering was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning over time, especially working memory and processing.

Needlecraft

(Doctor failure, Two hands needed most of the time.)

Sewing, quilting, crocheting, knitting, lacemaking and embroidery are hobbies that can support brain health. Dotson highlights the findings of a recent review which noted that needlecraft has a positive effect on mental health and general well-being, including fostering social connection and providing a sense of purpose, achievement and satisfaction.

Reading

(Doctor failure, Physical books are hard to keep open one-handed and turn pages without dropping the book. eBooks are not the answer.)

One long-term study found that reading, especially in those who do it more than once a week, prevents long-term decline in cognitive function in older people. Reading keeps language centers activated, so choose whatever fascinates you, whether it’s mystery, fantasy, or historical fiction, says Rice.

Puzzles and Games

(Scrabble is frustrating when going up against someone who has memorized all the 2 and 3 letter words. Several online games I play daily; Best fiends, Bolts Off, JigLive.)

Research has found that your daily word puzzle aren’t just a way to waste time; they support brain health. “Word puzzles can help your language skills and strategic and flexible thinking,” says Rice. So, go ahead and enjoy your daily dose of Wordle, Scrabble or a word search.

Birdwatching

( I turn on the Merlin app which identifies bird sounds, very seldom do I see the birds.)

Besides supporting local wildlife, who knew birding could be good for you? Dotson points to a recent study that found that encounters with birdlife were associated with improvements in mental wellbeing, including in people with a diagnosis of depression. So, go ahead and feed the birds or bird watch in your own backyard to get a positive brain boost.


Wednesday, June 17, 2026

Scientists say if you're over 50, this hobby can improve your brain health

 You'll be extremely lucky if your doctor gets you recovered enough to do any of these.

Scientists say if you're over 50, this hobby can improve your brain health

1) Aerobic Exercise
(Since my doctor was a complete failure at getting me recovered this doesn't occur!)

It’s probably no surprise that physical activity, such as brisk walking or hiking, tops the list of hobbies that are good for you. One recent review found that exercise improved cognitive function in the study participants in their 50s and older, regardless of their cognitive status. It doesn't matter what you choose: “The best exercise is the one you’ll do regularly,” says Rice.

2) Dancing
(The one thing I will not do because embarrassment. My left arm bounces, not a good look for my partner.)

Take a dance class alone or go dancing regularly with a partner, either way, dancing requires both physical and mental engagement, which supports neuroplasticity. While dancing ticks the box for aerobic exercise, it also often involves a social aspect, which is protective for brain health, says Dotson.

3) Music
(Live music Sunday and Tuesday night at bars; there will be no condemnation of my drinking. It improves my social connections which will prevent dementia)

Whether listening to music, singing, or learning to play a musical instrument, music has been shown to keep our brains nimble. Research hasn’t identified why music is so good for us, but one theory is that it engages multiple neural systems of the brain. In addition, if you’re learning a new instrument, for example, you’re challenging your brain to adapt, and novelty activates neuroplasticity, says Dotson.

4) Gardening
(Not going to occur, live in a condo.)

Whether you plant flowers, vegetables or herbs, gardening has been shown to be good for the brain. One study showed levels of brain nerve growth factors related to memory were significantly increased after gardening activity. Gardening also yields a sense of accomplishment, which is linked with better cognitive health, says Dotson.

5) Arts and Crafts(Most of these are two-handed endeavors so impossible for me because of massive failures of my doctor and therapists!)

Creating something with your hands is another way to keep your brain healthy. Dotson notes that one study found that engaging in visual arts, such as coloring, doodling and free drawing, activated the medial prefrontal cortex. Participants found the activities relaxing and reporting improvements in creativity and problem-solving at the end of each art-making session.

6) Volunteering
(Not in my wheelhouse.)

Social interaction keeps the brain agile, and volunteering also allows us to feel a sense of connection and purpose, says Dotson. One study found that formal volunteering was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning over time, especially working memory and processing.

7) Needlecraft
(Doctor failure, Two hands needed most of the time.)

Sewing, quilting, crocheting, knitting, lacemaking and embroidery are hobbies that can support brain health. Dotson highlights the findings of a recent review which noted that needlecraft has a positive effect on mental health and general well-being, including fostering social connection and providing a sense of purpose, achievement and satisfaction.

8) Reading
(Doctor failure, Physical books are hard to keep open one-handed and turn pages without dropping the book. eBooks are not the answer.)

One long-term study found that reading, especially in those who do it more than once a week, prevents long-term decline in cognitive function in older people. Reading keeps language centers activated, so choose whatever fascinates you, whether it’s mystery, fantasy, or historical fiction, says Rice.

9) Puzzles and Games
(Scrabble is frustrating when going up against someone who has memorized all the 2 and 3 letter words. Several online games I play daily; Best fiends, Bolts Off, JigLive.)

Research has found that your daily word puzzle aren’t just a way to waste time; they support brain health. “Word puzzles can help your language skills and strategic and flexible thinking,” says Rice. So, go ahead and enjoy your daily dose of Wordle, Scrabble or a word search.

10) Birdwatching
( I turn on the Merlin app which identifies bird sounds, very seldom do I see the birds.)

Besides supporting local wildlife, who knew birding could be good for you? Dotson points to a recent study that found that encounters with birdlife were associated with improvements in mental wellbeing, including in people with a diagnosis of depression. So, go ahead and feed the birds or bird watch in your own backyard to get a positive brain boost.

Monday, June 10, 2024

Effect of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function

 Useless, way too general to be of any use whatsoever for those survivors that want to actually create neuroplasticity on demand! You have to get specific! What EXACTLY creates BDNF,VEGF, and PDGF?

Effect of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function

Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2024;4:251–272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2024.00081

Received: December 17, 2023 Accepted: May 07, 2024 Published: June 05, 2024

Academic Editor: Manuel Zeitelhofer, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

This article belongs to the special issue Empower Yourself - Physical Activity as Prevention and Rehabilitation of Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases

Abstract

Background:

The beneficial effects of gardening as a form of physical activity have garnered growing interest in recent years. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of gardening as a physical activity on promoting neuroplasticity and cognitive functioning in people.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted on published articles between January 2010 to December 2022. The systematic search identified 3,470 records based on the PRISMA recommendations, 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review.

Results:

The study revealed the potential benefit of gardening physical activity on brain health. The evidence suggests that engaging in gardening physical activity not only boosts immunity and lowers inflammation but can also increase levels of growth neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which are essential for promoting neuroplasticity and improving cognitive function. These results should be interpreted cautiously given the small number of included studies and few randomized controlled trials.

Discussion:

The study results of gardening physical activity are promising. However, to adequately comprehend the underlying mechanism of the physical activity of gardening on brain health, more well-designed research is still necessary.

Keywords

Neurorehabilitation, neuroplasticity, growth neurotrophic factor, cognition

Introduction

One of the most difficult global health and social issues today is the prevention of cognitive decline or the restoration of cognitive function [1, 2]. Many previously incurable disorders are now treated as chronic illnesses thanks to access to cutting-edge treatment. Because of this, there is a substantial risk for neurocognitive problems, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and AD-related dementia (ADRD). According to research, low-middle-income countries are particularly at risk and are expected to have the biggest rises in dementia connected to AD and other forms of dementia [3]. Of particular interest, there is a growing concern that cancer treatments like chemotherapy may accelerate the cognitive aging process of the brain, increasing the risk for future neurodegenerative conditions [4]. Several clinical studies have demonstrated cortical degeneration associated with changes in the brain and cognitive impairment from pre- to post-anthracycline-based chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer [5]. These changes have been attributed to chemo-neurotoxicity which has been shown to play a central role in blood-brain barrier penetrability resulting in vascular and oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, as well as glial cell damage, while some studies have shown that the presence of epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) also to be a genetic risk factor for cognitive dysfunction [68].

Previous studies showed the brain’s default mode network which includes precuneus, cingulate, medial frontal, middle temporal, and lateral parietal regions, including the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients [9]. The default mode network has a significant function in implicit learning, monitoring, and distribution of neural resources to various cognitive processes. In the frontal-striatal and temporal regions of the brain, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies demonstrated diminished white matter and grey matter integrity after chemotherapy treatment [10]. Particularly, in cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were low with frontal lobe and hippocampal neuronal loss [11]. Studies have consistently shown that these brain changes correspond with cognitive impairments, including memory and learning [12], attention, concentration, information processing speed, and executive function [13] in non-central nervous system cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The cognitive impairments can be long-lasting and tend to be one of the most common limitations to quality of life and well-being amongst survivors.

Promoting brain function or preventing the onset of cognitive impairment continues to be one of the most challenging health-related challenges, especially in resource-limited countries, including South Africa. The evidence showed that anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a commonly used regimen in South Africa and worldwide to treat cancer despite the neurotoxicity. In a recent study, we found that cognitive impairment is associated with neuroinflammation in a cohort of patients treated for breast cancer with an anthracycline chemotherapy regimen in South Africa [14]. Yet, access to effective neurorehabilitative treatment for cognitive disorders remains a major clinical challenge [15].

South Africa is a highly unequal society, with the majority of the people not having access to specialized oncology and neuropsychology care [16]. While technology-based cognitive training interventions have demonstrated their potential in neurorehabilitation [17], in a developing country like South Africa structural challenges, including to access computerized cognitive rehabilitative interventions due to technological illiteracy, undereducation, a lack of financial resources for internet data, smartphones, or laptops can potentially be a major barrier [18]. This forces us to think contextually and find local solutions that are consistent with the contextual realities of local people. No simple intervention exists to prevent, preserve, and restore cognitive impairment in diseases, but it is important that we consider interventions that are feasible for the local context, like forms of physical activity.

Monday, May 22, 2023

Protocol for a systematic review of the effects of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function

Don't let your doctors and therapists use this to satisfy their tyranny of low expectations on how neuroplasticity occurs. This has no objectivity and nothing that makes it repeatable.

Protocol for a systematic review of the effects of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function

  • Background:

    The beneficial effects of gardening as a form of physical activity have garnered growing interest in recent years. Existing research suggests that physical activity enhances brain function through modifying synaptic plasticity, growth factor synthesis, and neurogenesis. Gardening physical activity is a promising, cost-effective, non-invasive intervention that can easily be augmented in the rehabilitation of neurodegenerative conditions. However, there is still insufficient literature. This protocol describes a systematic review to be conducted of scientific literature on the benefits of gardening as a physical activity that can promote neuroplasticity and improve cognitive function. This information can be useful as an intervention for persons who experience cognitive impairment brought on by cancer and chemotherapy in developing countries such as South Africa where there is real need to access cognitive rehabilitation.

    Methods and analysis:

    The systematic review strategy will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic literature database search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science will be carried out using medical search terms (MeSH), with English as the only permitted language, during the time period of January 2010 to December 2022. We will search for and review studies on how gardening as a physical activity impacts neuroplasticity and cognition. Two reviewers will read the bs, and abstracts and full text of the studies identified during the search to exclude records that do not meet the inclusion criteria. Data will then be extracted from the remaining studies. Any differences in opinion arising between the reviewers during the procedure will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool checklist will be utilized independently by two reviewers to evaluate the possibility of bias. The included articles will be subjected to narrative synthesis, with the results being presented in a thematic manner.

    Ethics and dissemination:

    There are no need for ethical approval because no patient data will be gathered. The results will be disseminated through an open-access peer-reviewed indexed journal, presented scientific meetings.

    PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023394493

    Citation: Antonio G. Lentoor, Tiro B. Motsamai, Thandokuhle Nxiweni, Bongumusa Mdletshe, Siyasanga Mdingi. Protocol for a systematic review of the effects of gardening physical activity on neuroplasticity and cognitive function[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2023, 10(2): 118-129. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023009