Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Showing posts with label brain vasculature. Show all posts
Showing posts with label brain vasculature. Show all posts

Saturday, September 18, 2021

Transcranial ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of brain vasculature in patients

 I guess your hospital will have to buy this article to see if ultrafast is fast enough to get interventions done in stroke to get to 100% recovery. Can it be used for stroke diagnosis and how many hospitals have this?

Transcranial ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of brain vasculature in patients

Abstract

Changes in cerebral blood flow are associated with stroke, aneurysms, vascular cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies. Brain angiograms, typically performed via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, are limited to millimetre-scale resolution and are insensitive to blood-flow dynamics. Here we show that ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of intravenously injected microbubbles enables transcranial imaging of deep vasculature in the adult human brain at microscopic resolution and the quantification of haemodynamic parameters. Adaptive speckle tracking to correct for micrometric brain-motion artefacts and ultrasonic-wave aberrations induced during transcranial propagation allowed us to map the vascular network of tangled arteries to functionally characterize blood-flow dynamics at a resolution of up to 25 μm and to detect blood vortices in a small deep-seated aneurysm in a patient. Ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy may facilitate the understanding of brain haemodynamics and of how vascular abnormalities in the brain are related to neurological pathologies.

Access options

 

Friday, August 2, 2019

Alcohol promotes waste clearance in the CNS via brain vascular reactivity

Now we just need to know what low dose alcohol means.  Removal of entangled proteins sounds important in preventing Alzheimers. But I know nothing, I'm not medically trained. Can your doctor decipher the amount of alcohol needed for these results?

Alcohol promotes waste clearance in the CNS via brain vascular reactivity






Highlights

•
Waste metabolites like beta-amyloid protein in the brain are unable to clear out by the conventional CSF clearance path and due to the absence of lymphatic system in the CNS.
•
As such waste metabolites are seen to diffuse to perivascular-perivenous space from interstitial fluid and from CSF-subarachnoid flow.
•
Low dose alcohol promotes the dynamic movement pattern of these waste metabolites towards perivascular-perivenous space for clearance.
•
Alcohol-elicited eNOS activation and NO production regulates the clearance path through arterial vessel dilation.

Abstract

The efficient clearance of the interstitial waste metabolites is essential for the normal maintenance of brain homeostasis. The brain lacks the lymphatic clearance system. Thus, the drainage of waste metabolites in the brain is dependent on a slow flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. Glymphatic system claims the direct bulk flow transport of small size water-soluble waste metabolites into to the perivenous space by aquaporin-4 water channels of the astrocyte end-feet, but it did not address the diffusive clearance of large size waste metabolites. Here, we addressed the clearance mechanisms of large size waste metabolites from interstitial fluid to perivascular space as well as from CSF subarachnoid into perivascular space via the paravascular drainage. A low dose ethanol acting as a potent vasodilator promotes the dynamic clearance of waste metabolites through this perivascular-perivenous drainage path. We observed that ethanol-induced increased in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell reactivity regulated the enhanced clearance of metabolites. Here, activation of endothelial specific nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by ethanol and generation of vasodilator nitric oxide mediates the interactive reactivity of endothelial-smooth muscle cells and subsequent diffusion of the CNS waste metabolites towards perivascular space. Detection of tracer dye (waste metabolite) in the perivenous space and in the blood samples further confirmed the improved clearance of waste metabolites through this unraveled interstitial-perivascular-perivenous clearance path. Our results suggest that alcohol intake at low-dose levels may promote clearance of neurological disease associated entangled proteins.

Graphical abstract

(A) Arrows (orange) indicate the CSF subarachnoid flow and perivascular-perivenous clearance path (black) of large size waste metabolites (red dots) in neurodegenerative brain. Waste metabolites like β-amyloid proteins are aggregated more inside the interstitial space due to the lack of lymphatic system in the brain. Less metabolite are drained into the CSF flows due to less vessel dilative reactivity. (B) Neurodegenerative brain in the presence of low dose alcohol. Dilative arterial vessel reactivity promotes the dynamic movement of large size waste metabolites from interstitial fluid to perivascular space and from interstitial-CSF subarachnoid to perivascular space. Reactivity of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in arteries is mediated by alcohol-elicited eNOS activation and NO production.


Image 1

Keywords

CNS clearance
CSF
Perivascular space
Alcohol
eNOS

Research data for this article

Data not available / Data will be made available on request
About research data 

Tuesday, January 30, 2018

Study Shows Vitamin D3 Could Help Heal or Prevent Cardiovascular Damage

You'll have to ask your doctor whether this refers to the brain also using the old definition of cardiovascular or not. Your doctors knowledge of even understanding the question tells you a tiny bit of how up-to-date s/he is.  Does your doctor have enough brains to be able extrapolate this to brain vasculature also without clinical studies? Do not do on your own you could overdose without enough knowledge. .
6 Side Effects of Too Much Vitamin D - Healthline

The latest here:
Study Shows Vitamin D3 Could Help Heal or Prevent Cardiovascular Damage

A new study conducted by Ohio University scientists suggests that a little more sunlight might help restore damage to your cardiovascular system.
The study shows that Vitamin D3 - which is made by the body naturally when skin is exposed to the sun - can significantly restore the damage to the cardiovascular system caused by several diseases, including hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Vitamin D3 supplements are also available over-the-counter.
The study, by Marvin and Ann Dilley White Chair and Distinguished Professor Dr. Tadeusz Malinski and two graduate students, Alamzeb Khan and Hazem Dawoud, has been published in the International Journal of Nanomedicine.
"Generally, Vitamin D3 is associated with the bones. However, in recent years, in clinical settings people recognize that many patients who have a heart attack will have a deficiency of D3. It doesn't mean that the deficiency caused the heart attack, but it increased the risk of heart attack," Malinski said. "We use nanosensors to see why Vitamin D3 can be beneficial, especially for the function and restoration of the cardiovascular system."
Malinski's team has developed unique methods and systems of measurements using nanosensors, which are about 1,000 times smaller in diameter than a human hair, to track the impacts of Vitamin D3 on single endothelial cells, a vital regulatory component of the cardiovascular system. A major discovery from these studies is that vitamin D3 is a powerful stimulator of nitric oxide (NO), which is a major signaling molecule in the regulation of blood flow and the prevention of the formation of clots in the cardiovasculature. Additionally, vitamin D3 significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system.
Most importantly, these studies show that treatment with vitamin D3 can significantly restore the damage to the cardiovascular system caused by several diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, while also reducing the risk of heart attack. These studies, performed on cells from Caucasian Americans and African Americans, yielded similar results for both ethnic groups.
"There are not many, if any, known systems which can be used to restore cardiovascular endothelial cells which are already damaged, and Vitamin D3 can do it," Malinski said. "This is a very inexpensive solution to repair the cardiovascular system. We don't have to develop a new drug. We already have it."
These studies, performed at Ohio University, are the first to identify the molecular mechanism of vitamin D3-triggered restoration of the function of damaged endothelium in the cardiovasculature. While these studies were performed using a cellular model of hypertension, the implication of vitamin D3 on dysfunctional endothelium is much broader. The dysfunction of endothelium is a common denominator of several cardiovascular diseases, particularly those associated with ischemic events.
Therefore, the authors suggest that vitamin D3 may be of clinical importance in the restoration of dysfunctional cardiac endothelium after heart attack, capillary endothelium after brain ischemia (stroke), hypovolemia, vasculopathy, diabetes and atherosclerosis. This suggestion is strongly supported by several clinical studies which indicate that vitamin D3 at doses higher than those currently used for the treatment of bone diseases, may be highly beneficial for the treatment of the dysfunctional cardiovascular system.
"Professor Malinksi has an international reputation for outstanding and innovative research related to the cardiovascular system," Ohio University Dean of Arts and Sciences Robert Frank said. "This latest work is yet another example of his impact on this field."