World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022

 I'm sure I can guarantee that nothing in here tells us how many survivors 100% recovered, which means the WSO doesn't care about stroke recovery. Because stroke statistics do nothing to help survivors recover. The WSO is completely useless for survivors.

World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022

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Valery L Feigin, Michael Brainin, Bo Norrving, ...

First Published January 5, 2022 Review Article Find in PubMed 

https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930211065917

Article information

Abstract

Stroke remains the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (as expressed by disability-adjusted life-years lost – DALYs) in the world. The estimated global cost of stroke is over US$721 billion (0.66% of the global GDP). From 1990 to 2019, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially (70.0% increase in incident strokes, 43.0% deaths from stroke, 102.0% prevalent strokes, and 143.0% DALYs), with the bulk of the global stroke burden (86.0% of deaths and 89.0% of DALYs) residing in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). This World Stroke Organisation (WSO) Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022 provides the most updated information that can be used to inform communication with all internal and external stakeholders; all statistics have been reviewed and approved for use by the WSO Executive Committee as well as leaders from the Global Burden of Disease research group.

Keywords

Stroke, transient ischemic attack, statistics, incidence, prevalence, mortality

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Absence of an effect of high nitrate intake from beetroot juice on blood pressure in treated hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Ok, a one week trial with beetroot juice doesn't reduce blood pressure. The simple next question which will never be answered; What time period of beetroot intervention is needed to reduce blood pressure? Don't you ever follow questions to their conclusion?
Almost 3 years old and I bet there has been NO followup.
It seems NO ONE CARES about solving anything that might help stroke survivors.
Our fucking failures of stroke associations don't care. Your doctor doesn't care. Your stroke hospital doesn't care.
https://www.mdlinx.com/internal-medicine/medical-news-article/2015/07/03/beetroot-blood-pressure-nitrate-nitric-oxide/6218974/?

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — | July 03, 2015

Bondonno CP, et al. – In this study, the authors assessed whether increased dietary nitrate intake by using beetroot juice for 1 wk lowers blood pressure in treated hypertensive men and women. An increase in dietary nitrate intake may not be an effective short–term approach to further lower blood pressure in treated hypertensive subjects.

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Methods

• Participants (n = 27) were recruited to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. The effect of 1-wk intake of nitrate-rich beetroot juice was compared with 1-wk intake of nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (placebo).
• The primary outcome was blood pressure assessed by measuring home blood pressure during the intervention and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure on day 7 of the intervention.
• Other outcomes included nitrate metabolism assessed by measuring nitrate and nitrite in plasma, saliva, and urine.

Results

• Relative to the placebo, 1-wk intake of nitrate-rich beetroot juice resulted in a 3-fold increase in plasma nitrite and nitrate, a 7-fold increase in salivary nitrite, an 8-fold higher salivary nitrate, and a 4-fold increase in both urinary nitrite and nitrate (P < 0.001).
• However, no differences in home blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were observed with 1-wk intake of nitrate-rich beetroot juice in comparison with the placebo.

Read the full article on American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Applying microsoft kinect for windows to develop a Stroke Rehabilitation System

What is the point? Why haven't our professionals put this into a publicly available stroke protocol and stop researching the same stuff over and over again?  There have been 19 posts on Kinect back to June 2012.  FDA approved the device for stroke in May 2014.
Incompetence? Stupidity? Doesn't care?  I blame the senior researchers and mentors for not creating protocols and knowing previous research.

 Applying microsoft kinect for windows to develop a Stroke Rehabilitation System

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K. C. Yang ; C. H. Huang ; C. F. Le

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Abstract:

This study develops a Stroke Rehabilitation System for stroke patients. Patients can stay at home to use this system. The design of this system is based on WHO ICF concept to develop the system and included Barthel scale for patient's evaluation. The programs design by Microsoft C# programming language to control Microsoft Kinect System. The results demonstrate that our system can easy to implement in patient's home. We collect patient's daily rehabilitation data and record it to the database. The data can be statistically analyze and drop a bar chart for visually watch. The results can upload to local hospital Medical Cloud for doctor's reference. We also demonstrate the system and provide sample code for reference.

Published in: Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2016 IEEE International Conference on

Date of Conference: 4-7 Dec. 2016

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 29 December 2016

ISBN Information:

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-5090-3665-3

USB ISBN: 978-1-5090-3664-6

Print on Demand(PoD) ISBN: 978-1-5090-3666-0

ISSN Information:

Electronic ISSN: 2157-362X

DOI: 10.1109/IEEM.2016.7798213

Publisher: IEEE

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Clinical feasibility of Xbox KinectTM training for stroke rehabilitation: A single-blind randomized controlled pilot study.

Kinect research on this has been out there for years. Why haven't our professionals put this into a publicly available stroke protocol and stop researching the same stuff over and over again?
I have 18 posts on this back to June 2012.  FDA approved the device for stroke in May 2014.
Incompetence? Stupidity? Doesn't care?  I blame the senior researchers and mentors for not creating protocols and knowing previous research.

Clinical feasibility of Xbox KinectTM training for stroke rehabilitation: A single-blind randomized controlled pilot study 

Tuba Alışkan Türkbey, Sehim Kutlay, Haydar Gök
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2183

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of Xbox KinectTM training of the upper extremity in subacute stroke rehabilitation.
Design: A single-blind, randomized controlled, pilot study.
Patients: Twenty consecutive patients with stroke.
Methods: Participants were allocated randomly to 2 groups: the control group received conventional therapy and the experimental group received additional Xbox KinectTM training for 20 sessions. Feasibility and safety were evaluated by treatment attendance rate, patient feedback, proportion of adverse events, and Borg Scale (Borg CR10).
Results: Twenty of 131 screened individuals were recruited. Data for 19 patients (73.7% male; mean age 62 years (range 38–79)) were analysed. Treatment attendance ratio for total training time and training time/session was 87% and 90%, respectively. All participants reported that training with the Xbox KinectTM was enjoyable and beneficial. No serious adverse events occurred. Fatigue was the most common adverse event. The mean Borg CR10 score was 7.80, reflecting a very high level of fatigue. The
experimental group showed significantly greater
improvement than the control group in the Box and Blocks Test, Wolf Motor Function Test and Brunnstrom motor recovery stages.
Conclusion: Xbox KinectTM training appears feasible and safe in upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke. It could enhance motor and functional recovery of the affected upper extremity as an adjunctive method.

 

Effect of Wheel Running on Neurogenesis in Subventricular Zone of Adult Rats post Cerebral Ischemia

What is the human equivalent of rat wheel running?  Why doesn't your doctor know that answer? Incompetence? Stupidity? Doesn't care? Waiting for somebody else to address that issue? Has your doctor read any of the research references so you can recover better?
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/enfermeria/resource/es/wpro-933390
?
Jie FANG; Xi-quan HU.

Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice; (1): 8-12, 2016.

Artículo en Ch | WPRIM | ID: wpro-933390

Resumen

Objective To observe the effect of wheel running exercise on subventricular zone neurogenesis and the neural function in rats post cerebral ischemia. Methods 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced cortical infarcts with left middle artery occlusion and were housed in either standard (control group, n=24) or wheel running (exercise group, n=24). They were assessed with neurological severi-ty scores (NSS), and the expression of Ki67 was determined with immunofluorescence, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after training. Results Com-pared with the control group, the number of Ki67-labeled cells in subventricular significantly increased in the exercise group 14 and 21 days after ischemia (P<0.05), and the NSS decreased since 7 days after ischemia (P<0.05). Conclusion Wheel running may promote the neuro-genesis in subventricular of adult rats after cerebral infarction, which may associate with the recovery of neural function.

Biblioteca responsable: WPRO

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Exercise Benefits the Healthy and Diseased Brain

Why the fuck doesn't your doctor have a specific exercise protocol for promoting neuroplasticity in your diseased brain? Incompetence? Stupidity? Doesn't care? Waiting for somebody else to address that issue?
http://www.dana.org/News/Exercise_Benefits_the_Healthy_and_Diseased_Brain/
Great stuff from the Dana Foundation.

“What’s good for the heart is good for the brain.”
That's the advice a physician might give to older patients who are concerned about staying mentally sharp as they get older. We know very well that physical activity keeps the heart healthy, and in recent years we have begun to understand how exercise affects the brain.
Exercise induces neuroplasticity, a collective term referring to various structural and functional brain changes that occur in response to experience. In a symposium at the 46^th annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego in November, researchers in the field discussed how exercise benefits the brains of healthy older adults and those of people with psychiatric and neurological diseases.
Psychologist Kirk Erickson of the University of Pittsburgh explained that most of us experience age-related decline in cognitive function, with abilities such as inductive reasoning, perceptual speed, and verbal memory declining sharply from about 60 years of age. Physical activity offers significant protection against age-related cognitive decline, however, and can improve mental function in older adults. [See A Purposeful Life is a Healthy Life]
He then described a number of longitudinal intervention studies performed in his lab investigating the underlying mechanisms by which exercise benefits brain structure and function in healthy older adults.
In 2009, Erickson and his colleagues reported that higher levels of aerobic exercise in elderly adults are associated with increased volume of the hippocampus, a brain structure known to be critical for memory formation, and that this in turn is related to enhanced spatial memory. [See One Man's Continuing Contribution to the Science of Memory] They went on to show that higher fitness levels are also associated with greater prefrontal cortex volume and better executive function, and that exercise enhances the integrity of white matter tracts throughout the brain.
Thus, exercise appears to have a protective effect on the brain's gray and white matter, making both more resilient to the effects of aging. Until recently, it was thought that the distribution of white matter in the brain was highly stable, but we now know that it can change rapidly in response to experience. And although studies consistently show that exercise increases expression of growth factor BDNF, it's still not clear exactly how the observed volume increases occur; they could be due to the production of new brain cells, the formation of new synaptic connections, or a combination of both.   
“I believe that exercise affects every organ of the body, and it's very likely that there are a multitude of pathways by which it affects the brain,” said Erickson, “but we can now begin to think about how changes at the molecular and cellular level influence behavioral outcomes.”
Erickson added that we still know very little about individual differences in how exercise affects the brain, and that people generally dislike the term “exercise,” which may discourage them from participating in research. He and his colleagues are now recruiting participants for the REACT! trial, a pilot study that will compare the effects of African dance and an educational discussion group on brain health, fitness levels, and quality of life in older African Americans, who are at higher risk of age-related cognitive decline than other populations.
Psychiatrist Sarah McEwan of the University of California, Los Angeles described her studies into how exercise benefits brain function in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe, long-term mental health condition with symptoms that include delusions of persecution or grandeur, visual and auditory hallucinations, and disordered patterns of thought and behavior.
Previous studies have shown that people who have had schizophrenia for between 5 and 20 years have less grey matter volume in the dorosolateral prefrontal cortex. “This part of the brain is important for higher order processes such as top-down control, attention, and problem-solving,” McEwan said. “Although anti-psychotics are excellent for treating voices and delusions, there's nothing to treat the core cognitive dysfunctions, which are the most debilitating aspects of the disease.”
Last year, McEwan's lab published the first empirical study to examine the benefits of regular physical activity for patients in the early stages of the disease. They scanned the brains of 14 young adults who were experiencing their first schizophrenic episode, and found that those who reported having low levels of physical activity had reduced grey matter volume in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus compared with the “high activity” group. Patients who reported greater levels of overall physical activity also performed slightly better on tests of verbal memory and social cognition.  
Together, these preliminary findings suggest that exercise-based interventions could improve brain health and cognitive function in patients experiencing their first schizophrenic episode. The findings need to be replicated in a larger study, however, and they do not address the effects of exercise in patients who have had the disease for longer periods of time.
“Patients deemed to be at high risk of developing schizophrenia tend to be more sedentary,” McEwan added, “and the first psychotic episode seems to be an excellent window during which we can try to intervene and improve patients' prognosis later on in life.”
Other recent research suggests that exercise can also be of benefit to people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the death of dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain. PD leads to involuntary, shaky movements and other motor problems, as well as cognitive deficits. 
Neurologist Giselle Petzinger of the University of Southern California and her colleagues have been examining rodent models of Parkinson’s and translating their findings to studies in humans.
In the mouse models, neuronal death reduces dopamine levels in the striatum, a deep brain structure involved in reward, motivation, and movement, which normally receives inputs from the midbrain. This is accompanied by loss of dendritic spines, the tiny, finger-like protuberances at which neuronal signaling takes place.
Petzinger and her colleagues have shown that treadmill exercise reverses the loss of dendritic spines in the striatum in a mouse model of Parkinson’s by promoting the formation of new synaptic connections. And in a small pilot study of patients with early Parkinson’s published in 2013, they showed that intensive treadmill training elevates dopamine receptor levels in the striatum, and also improved patients’ postural control.
At the meeting, Petzinger presented preliminary evidence that exercise induces changes in neural circuits involved in attention. She noted, however, that some forms of exercise involve motor learning, and that this is likely to contribute to the protective effects.
Petzinger argues that exercise does not benefit overall brain health, but rather that different forms of exercise induce changes in specific neural circuits. She is now involved in a larger study comparing the effects of cardiovascular training and skill-based exercises in people with Parkinson’s.
“What we’re beginning to see is some evidence that both cardiovascular fitness and motor-related fitness seem to be associated with improved prefrontal cortex-related cognition,” she said. “We can now tease apart how exercise type may impact specific circuits and brain areas involved in cognition.”