Injectable Biomaterial Promotes Brain Repair After a Stroke

 Do you really think anyone in stroke is competent enough to get human testing going? I don't, everything in stroke IS A COMPLETE FUCKING FAILURE! Prove me wrong; failure is defined as not getting to 100% recovery! Don't try your tyranny of low expectations on me. Here; oc1dean@gmail.com, I'll print it verbatim with my reply. Have at it, or are you afraid to engage with a stroke-addled survivor?

Of course your competent? doctor can inform these researchers of earlier work.

Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffold (SAPNS) and Regeneration October 2011

Researchers find a copolymer scaffold potentially useful in brain repair after brain injury June 2015

Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo March 2024 

Nanotech Treatment Shows Promise against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice September 2011

Directing Axonal Growth: A Review on the Fabrication of Fibrous Scaffolds That Promotes the Orientation of Axons January 2022

The migration and differentiation of hUC-MSCsCXCR4/GFP encapsulated in BDNF/chitosan scaffolds for brain tissue engineering May 2016

The latest here:

Injectable Biomaterial Promotes Brain Repair After a Stroke 

When someone has a stroke caused by a blood clot, doctors can quickly restore blood flow. However, they can’t easily replace the brain tissue that gets lost. Recovering this tissue usually means relying on rehab to help the remaining brain circuits adapt.

A team of biomedical engineers at Duke University has built an injectable biomaterial that could change stroke recovery.

Rebuilding the Brain’s Neighborhood

The research team isn’t attempting to rebuild the brain directly. Instead, they are setting up a scaffolding system to let the body do the work for them. They achieve this system using tiny hydrogel microparticles called MAPS. When the material is injected into the cavity caused by a stroke, it creates a porous structure for cells to grow on.

“Once brain tissue has been lost, restoring blood flow is no longer enough,” said Tatiana Segura, the Robert Plonsey Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Duke. “Our goal is to engineer the injured space so that immune, vascular, and neural repair processes can begin to work together.”

The team attached specific signals to these particles so that the body’s immune cells could help. These signals come from astrocytes, which are star-shaped cells in the brain.

“We are not simply placing a material into the brain,” Segura added. “We are engineering a local environment that can coordinate several parts of the repair response.”

Surprising Helpers

The team found that certain signaling molecules attracted helpful immune cells, including the most common type of white blood cell: neutrophils. Usually, neutrophils cause inflammation right after a stroke. However, that wasn’t the case in this scenario.

“This result changes how we think about neutrophils after stroke,” said Shangjing Xin, lead scientist of the study and a postdoctoral fellow in the Segura Laboratory. “Their role appears to depend on when they arrive, where they are located, and the signals they receive from their surroundings. Our study demonstrates a potential engineering strategy to recruit and retain these cells at the right time.”

In mouse tests, this treated scaffold helped grow new blood vessels and improved movement. By eight weeks, the mice performed like healthy controls on a coordination test.

Right now, the work is still preclinical. The team is looking at using human cells next to make it scalable.

“You do not restore an ecosystem simply by containing the initial damage. You have to create the conditions that allow life to return. That is how we think about the stroke cavity,” Segura said. “The material is not intended to reproduce the brain itself, but to create an environment where the body’s own cells can enter, communicate and participate in rebuilding vascularized tissue.”

Neurorestoration Approach by Biomaterials in Ischemic Stroke

Now this just needs to be incorporated into that non-existent stroke strategy so that future research takes this into account on the way to 100% recovery rehab protocols. That will never occur, we have fucking failures of stroke associations just twiddling their thumbs. We have NO STROKE STRATEGY. All because survivors are not in charge, they would never let their eyes off the only goal in stroke, 100% recovery.

Neurorestoration Approach by Biomaterials in Ischemic Stroke

 

Noelia Esteban-Garcia¹, Cristina Nombela^1,2, Javier Garrosa¹, Fernando J. Rascón-Ramirez³, Juan Antonio Barcia^3,4 and Leyre Sánchez-Sánchez-Rojas^1*

• ¹Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Therapies Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
• ²Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
• ³Neurosurgery Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
• ⁴Chair of Neurosurgery Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability in the western world, assuming a high socio-economic cost. One of the most used strategies in the last decade has been biomaterials, which have been initially used with a structural support function. They have been perfected, different compounds have been combined, and they have been used together with cell therapy or controlled release chemical compounds. This double function has driven them as potential candidates for the chronic treatment of IS. In fact, the most developed are in different phases of clinical trial. In this review, we will show the ischemic scenario and address the most important criteria to achieve a successful neuroreparation from the point of view of biomaterials. The spontaneous processes that are activated and how to enhance them is one of the keys that contribute to the success of the therapeutic approach. In addition, the different routes of administration and how they affect the design of biomaterials are analyzed. Future perspectives show where this broad scientific field is heading, which advances every day with the help of technology and advanced therapies.

Background

Stroke is one of the most important health problems worldwide. Ischemic stroke (IS) constitutes 85–90% of the casuistry among the types of stroke and is the leading cause of disability in people over 65 years of age worldwide (Ghuman and Modo, 2016). Due to the epidemiological importance and the big socio-economic expenditure involved, it is priority advance in its prevention, control, and treatment (Kalaria et al., 2016; Benjamin et al., 2017). The ischemic injury is caused by an interruption of blood supply in one or more cerebral blood vessels triggering a set of dynamic processes that affect all brain cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) deteriorating the “glioneurovascular niche” (Boisserand et al., 2016).

The pathophysiology of IS lies in the restriction or reduction of the supply of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients in the affected brain area. The ischemic cascade begins while there is arterial obstruction causing accidental cell death of core cells damaging tissue irreversibly. This process is accompanied by events of glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, which affect the homeostatic functioning of the neurons in the affected tissue. The combination of all of them induces permanent brain lesions (Taylor et al., 2008; Thundyil and Lim, 2015; Thornton et al., 2017). However, there are regions near the nucleus or ischemic penumbra (IP) that have had access to a collateral blood circulation, being able to partially counteract the energy deficit (Fisher and Albers, 2013; Gavaret et al., 2019).

This review will briefly address the limitations and consequences that arise after the stroke, the endogenous repair mechanisms activated by the brain damage itself, how to enhance these mechanisms through tissue engineering and the incorporation of exogenous cells or growth factors.

More at link.

Influencing neuroplasticity in stroke treatment with advanced biomaterials-based approaches

Whatever this means. Useless without protocols. 

Influencing neuroplasticity in stroke treatment with advanced biomaterials-based approaches

Author links open overlay panelObermeyerJ.M.^abcGraciasA.^acHoE.^abcShoichetM.S.^abcd

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.012Get rights and content

Abstract

Since the early 1990s, we have known that the adult brain is not static and has the capacity to repair itself. The delivery of various therapeutic factors and cells have resulted in some exciting pre-clinical and clinical outcomes in stroke models by targeting post-injury plasticity to enhance recovery. Developing a deeper understanding of the pathways that modulate plasticity will enable us to optimize delivery strategies for therapeutics and achieve more robust effects. Biomaterials are a key tool for the optimization of these potential treatments, owing to their biocompatibility and tunability. In this review, we identify factors and targets that impact plastic processes known to contribute to recovery, discuss the role of biomaterials in enhancing the efficacy of treatment strategies, and suggest combinatorial approaches based on the stage of injury progression.

Graphical Abstract

A multi-faceted strategy of combining biomaterials with therapeutics/cell transplantation can leverage neuroplasticity for stroke recovery.

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Biomaterial applications in cell-based therapy in experimental stroke

You will have to have your doctor read all 35 pages of this to see what might be useful in your recovery.  Some of the statements in there sound incredibly useful.

Biomaterial applications in cell-based therapy in experimental stroke

 

Ligia S.B. BOISSERAND a,b,c, Tomonobu KODAMAd, Jérémie PAPASSINa,b,e, Rachel AUZELYf, Anaïck MOISANg, Claire ROMEa,b, Olivier DETANTEa,b,d,e 
a. Inserm, U1216, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France  b. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France  c. CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil  d. Kyoto University, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Department of Reparative Materials, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan  e. CHU Grenoble Alpes, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France  f. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV; CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France  g. Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Rhône Alpes, 464 route de Lancey, 38330 Saint Ismier, France     
Corresponding author: 
Claire ROME
claire.rome@ujf-grenoble.fr
Chemin Fortune Ferrini
Université Grenoble Alpes - Site Santé
BP 170
38042 Grenoble Cedex 9
France      
Keywords: biomaterial, hydrogel, plasticity, neural repair, cell therapy, transplantation, stem cells, stroke. 
Abstract 
Stroke is an important health issue corresponding to the second cause of mortality and first of
severe disability with no effectives treatments after the first hours of onset. Regenerative
approaches such as cell therapy provides an increase in endogenous brain structural plasticity but
not enough to promote a complete recovery. Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major
interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many
biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds or a mix
of both with the aim to provide polymers with specific properties. The mechanical properties of
biomaterials can be exquisitely regulated forming polymers with different stiffness, modifiable
physical state that polymerizes in situ or small particles encapsulating cells or growth factors. The
choice of biomaterial compounds should be adapted for the different applications, structure
target and delay of administration. Biocompatibilities with embedded cells and with the host
tissue, and biodegradation rate must be considerate. In this article, we review the different
applications of biomaterials combined with cell therapy in ischemic stroke and we explore specific
features such as choice of biomaterial compounds, physical and mechanical properties concerning
the recent studies in experimental stroke.