Treadmill exercise ameliorates focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurological deficit by promoting dendritic modification and synaptic plasticity via upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways

Useless, what EXACT PROTOCOL is still unknown, and no clue as to what type of treadmill is used.  Now we are going to need human testing followup which will never occur because NO one is in charge of stroke. It is rudderless and survivors have to take the consequences of poor recovery because of the massive failures of the stroke medical world.

Treadmill exercise ameliorates focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurological deficit by promoting dendritic modification and synaptic plasticity via upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways

Author links open overlay panelQingfengXieJingyanChengGuoyuanPanShaminWuQuanHuHaomingJiangYangyangWangJianrongXiongQiongyiPangXiangChen

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.005Get rights and content

Highlights

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Treadmill exercise promotes dendritic and synaptic plasticity in the penumbra after ischemia reperfusion

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The caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathway has positive effects on dendritic and synaptic plasticity in the penumbra.

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Treadmill exercise ameliorates dendritic and synaptic plasticity via upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways.

Abstract

Dendritic and synaptic plasticity in the penumbra are important processes and are considered to be therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke. Treadmill exercise is known to be a beneficial treatment following stroke. However, its effects and potential mechanism in promoting dendritic and synaptic plasticity remain unknown. We have previously demonstrated that the caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathway plays a positive role in angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Here, we further investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on promoting dendritic and synaptic plasticity in the penumbra and whether they involve the caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathway. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model was established, and rats were randomly divided into eleven groups. At 2 days after MCAO, rats were subjected to treadmill exercise for 7 or 28 days. Daidzein (a specific inhibitor of caveolin-1, 0.4 mg/kg) was used to confirm the effect of caveolin-1/VEGF signaling on exercise-mediated dendritic and synaptic plasticity. Neurobehavioral performance, tissue morphology and infarct volumes were detected by Modified Neurology Severity Score (mNSS), Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and Nissl staining, while neural plasticity and its molecular mechanism were examined by Golgi-Cox staining, transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. We found that treadmill exercise promoted dendritic plasticity in the penumbra, consistent with the significant increase in caveolin-1 and VEGF expression; improved neurological recovery; and reduced infarct volume. In contrast to the positive effects of the treadmill, a caveolin-1 inhibitor abrogated the dendritic and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, we observed that treadmill exercise-induced improved dendritic and synaptic plasticity were significantly inhibited by the caveolin-1 inhibitor, consistent with the lower expression of caveolin-1 and VEGF, as well as the worse neurobehavioral state. The findings indicate that treadmill exercise ameliorates focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurological deficit by promoting dendritic and synaptic plasticity via upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways.

“Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat.” -Sun Tzu, The Art of War

There is NO STRATEGY AND NO LEADERSHIP in stroke. Being rudderless means that stroke will never be solved..
With NO strategy and NO leadership nothing will get done for decades.
1. Only 10% of patients get to full recovery.
2. tPA only fully works to reverse the stroke 12% of the time.
3. No protocols to prevent your 33% dementia chance post-stroke from an Australian study.
4. Nothing to alleviate your fatigue.
5. Nothing that will cure your spasticity.
6. Nothing on cognitive training unless you find this yourself.
7. No published stroke protocols.
8. No way to compare your stroke hospital results vs. other stroke hospitals.
With a defined stroke strategy getting foundation grants and individual donors to step up and fund such research would be damned easy.  Asking for general funding for stupid stroke association press release funding is complete insanity. Asking for funding to solve glutamate poisoning in the neuronal cascade of death would be a concrete proposal people and foundations could get behind. I.E, 'I helped solve the glutamate poisoning piece of stroke neuron death'. You could send out certificates of appreciation suitable to being framed. This is so fucking easy to solve the funding problem but will require destroying our fucking failures of stroke associations and replacing them with a great stroke association.