You wouldn't have to study this if you blithering idiots had created 100% recovery protocols! Is there anyone in stroke with two functioning neurons to rub together for a spark of intelligence? I guess not.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors Li Y, Qin W, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y
Received 24 December 2024
Accepted for publication 31 March 2025
Published 14 April 2025 Volume 2025:21 Pages 875—883
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S514184
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Yu-Ping Ning
Yifan Li,1,* Wei Qin,1,* Yitong Chen,2 Dongli Zhang,1 Yongchen Zhao1
1Department
of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated
Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of
China; 2Clinical Specialty of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence:
Dongli Zhang; Yongchen Zhao, Department of Integrative Traditional
Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,
No. 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s
Republic of China, Tel +86 0312 5981919, Email zhang_dongli@yeah.net; zhaoyongchen69@outlook.com
Objective:
To investigate the prevalence and severity of depression in patients
with ischaemic stroke and identify its associated factors using a
cross-sectional design over a 6-month period.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 499 patients with ischaemic stroke
who met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria. Depression levels were
assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Data
collection included demographic variables, clinical data and
self-reported measures. Neurological deficits were assessed using the
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), whereas activities
of daily living (ADL) were evaluated using the ADL scale. Chi-squared
tests and t-tests were used to compare the mild and moderate depression
groups. Multiple logistic regression identified independent predictors
of depression. The predictive effectiveness of risk factors was
evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results:
Of the 499 patients, 305 (61.1%) had mild depression and 194 (38.9%)
had moderate depression, with a mean HAMD score of 15.27 ± 6.43.
Significant differences were observed between groups in hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), stroke location (p = 0.037), ADL score (p < 0.001) and NIHSS score (p
< 0.001). Logistic regression identified hypertension (odds ratio
[OR] = 1.963), diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.126), lower education level (OR
= 1.460), left-sided stroke (OR = 1.690), lower ADL scores (OR = 0.718)
and higher NIHSS scores (OR = 1.213) as independent predictors of
depression. The ROC analysis showed that NIHSS (area under the curve
[AUC] = 0.797) and ADL (AUC = 0.741) scores were the most effective
predictors.
Conclusion: Depression is common among
patients with ischaemic stroke and is substantially influenced by
vascular risk factors, education level, stroke location, daily living
abilities and neurological deficits. The NIHSS and ADL scores
demonstrated strong predictive value in identifying patients at risk of
depression.
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