If you were competent at all you would prevent depression by 100% recovery protocols instead of this useless prediction crapola! But then NOBODY in stroke is competent since no one is even trying to solve stroke.
Send me hate mail on this: oc1dean@gmail.com. I'll print your complete statement with your name and my response in my blog. Or are you afraid to engage with my stroke-addled mind? No excuses are allowed! You're medically trained; it should be simple to precisely state EXACTLY WHAT YOU ARE DOING FOR 100% RECOVERY with NO EXCUSES! Your definition of competence in stroke is obviously much lower than stroke survivors' definition of your competence! Swearing at me is allowed, I'll return the favor. Don't even attempt to use the excuse that brain research is hard.
A higher burden of post-stroke depression and anxiety and their predictors among stroke survivors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2024: a prospective multicenter study
Biruk Lelisa Eticha 1*†, Ermias Solomon Yalew 2†, Destaw Marie Merawie 2, Samuel Teferi Chanie 2, Kaleb Assegid Demissie 3 and Biruktawit Lelisa Eticha 4
1 Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2 Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 3 Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 4 Department of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
Edited by:
Melese Gobezie, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Reviewed by:
Setegn Fentahun, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
Mulualem Kelebie, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
*Correspondence:
Biruk Lelisa Eticha
biruklel.75@gmail.com
biruk.lelisa@uog.edu.et
†The authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Received: 15 December 2024
Accepted: 21 March 2025
Published: 22 April 2025
Citation:
Eticha BL, Yalew ES, Merawie DM, Chanie ST, Demissie KA and Eticha BL (2025) A higher burden of post-stroke depression and anxiety and their predictors among stroke survivors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2024: a prospective multicenter study. Front. Psychiatry 16:1545807. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545807
Background
A substantial proportion of stroke survivors suffer from post-stroke depression and anxiety. These mental disorders are linked to several modifiable risk factors and lead to severe functional impairment or premature death. There is a lack of evaluation, prevention, and treatment of these prevalent mental illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the overall burden of post-stroke depression and anxiety and their predictors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2024.
Methods
From 01 February to 01 April 2024, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 stroke survivors from five comprehensive specialized hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Five trained physiotherapists conducted interviews, reviewed medical records, and took physical measurements using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire to obtain high-quality data for analysis. Descriptive statistics were taken into consideration to provide a broad overview of the data and distribution of conditions. Additionally, binary logistic regression was used to find predictors with a p-value of less than 0.2 that could be subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis, which was used to find the significant associated factors. A p-value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was deemed significant.
Results
The prevalence of post-stroke depression and anxiety among stroke survivors in the Amhara Regional State was 64.1% (95% CI: 59.3–68.6%) and 45.5% (95% CI: 40.7–50.4), respectively. Variables including male sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.97, 95% CI: 1.06–3.67], stroke complication presence (AOR=2.83, 95% CI: 1.64-4.88), and comorbidity presence (AOR=6.23, 95% CI: 3.91–9.19) were significantly associated with post-stroke depression. Retirement (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.91–4.72), less time for hospitalization (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.09–3.84), and comorbidity presence (AOR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.32–3.29) were the significantly associated factors of post-stroke anxiety.
Conclusions
Relatively higher burdens of post-stroke depression and anxiety were observed among stroke survivors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Variables such as sex, stroke complication, and comorbidity, and retirement, time for hospitalization, and comorbidity were predictors significantly associated with post-stroke depression and anxiety, respectively. Early mental health screening and diagnosis of old age, complicated case patients, and retired stroke survivors are required for early-stage interventions.
Keywords: depression, anxiety, stroke, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
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