Still haven't created vagus nerve protocols!
Steven Cramer should know what needs to be done since he is one of strokes' rock stars.
Dopaminergic Pathways in Neuroplasticity After Stroke and Vagus Nerve Stimulation.
Min-Keun Song, Steven C Cramer
Stroke. 2025 Apr 10 [Epub ahead of print]
Stroke remains a significant cause of disability worldwide. In addition to multidisciplinary rehabilitation approaches, various forms of technology, including vagus nerve stimulation,
have emerged to facilitate neuroplasticity and, thereby, improve
functional status after stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation was recently
approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but questions remain
regarding its mechanism of action. Here, a potential role for
dopaminergic signaling is considered. This review first examines
evidence that dopamine
is important to neuroplasticity after stroke. Next, 2 different
dopaminergic pathways are considered potential mechanisms underlying
vagus nerve stimulation-related benefits after stroke, direct modulation
of brain dopaminergic pathways, and engagement of systemic dopaminergic
pathways such as those found in the gut-brain axis. A contribution of
dopamine signaling to vagus nerve stimulation efficacy could have
therapeutic implications that extend to a precision medicine approach to
stroke rehabilitation.
Source: Stroke
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