Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia,
a gradual loss of muscle mass and function, has been associated with
poor health outcomes. Its correlation with another age-related
degenerative process, impaired cognition, remains uncertain. This
meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between
sarcopenia and cognitive impairment.
Methods
PubMed
and Scopus were searched for observational studies that investigated
the association between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction.
Participants’ demographics and measurements, definition of sarcopenia,
and tools for evaluating cognitive function were retrieved. The
correlations between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were expressed
as crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Seven
cross-sectional studies comprising 5994 participants were included. The
crude and adjusted odds ratios were 2.926 (95% CI, 2.297–3.728) and
2.246 (95% CI, 1.210–4.168), respectively. The subgroup analysis showed
that different target populations and sex specificity did not
significantly modify the association, whereas the tools for evaluating
cognitive function and modalities for measuring body composition did.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia
was independently associated with cognitive impairment. Future cohort
studies are warranted to clarify the causal correlation. The inclusion
of relevant biomarkers and functional measurements is also recommended
to elucidate the underlying biological mechanism.
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