Coffee is too important for me to cut back.
http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614%2816%2930009-7/abstract?rss=yes
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Department
of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public
Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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Summary
Background & aims
In
normotensive and hypertensive individuals, blood pressure (BP) rises
acutely during a few hours following coffee or caffeine consumption.
However, the effect of habitual coffee consumption on BP and BP control
is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the association of
habitual coffee consumption on 24-h BP and BP control among older adults
with hypertension.
Methods
Data were
taken from the Seniors-Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in
Spain (ENRICA), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 among 1164
individuals aged ≥63 years. Habitual coffee consumption was assessed
with a validated diet history. BP was recorded by 24-h ambulatory
monitoring. Ambulatory hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg or
being under antihypertensive treatment, and uncontrolled BP was deemed
as BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives. Analyses were performed with
linear and logistic regressions adjusted for the main confounders,
including diet, time since diagnosis of hypertension and the number of
antihypertensive drugs.
Results
Among
the 715 hypertensive participants, those consuming ≥3 cups of
coffee/day showed higher 24-h systolic BP (beta: 3.25 mm Hg, p
value = 0.04) and diastolic BP (beta: 2.24 mm Hg, p value = 0.02) than
non-coffee drinkers. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, the odds ratios
(95% confidence interval) for uncontrolled BP among those consuming 1,
2, and ≥3 cups of coffee/day were, respectively: 1.95 (1.15–3.30), 1.41
(0.75–2.68), and 2.55 (1.28–5.09); p for trend = 0.05. The association
was similar among individuals who were smokers, had excess weight (body
mass index ≥25 kg/m2), low adherence to the Mediterranean
diet, or hypercholesterolemia. No association was found between coffee
consumption and having a non-dipper BP pattern (<10% nocturnal
decline in BP) among hypertensives.
Conclusion
Habitual coffee consumption was associated with uncontrolled BP in a hypertensive older population.
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