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Apixaban Associated With Lower Risk of Stroke Than Rivaroxaban in Patients With AF, Valvular Heart Disease
Among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and valvular heart disease (VHD), patients receiving apixaban had a lower risk for ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism and for bleeding when compared with those receiving rivaroxaban, according to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
“The lack of clinical trial evidence and wide use of both drugs in patients with AF and VHD calls for real-world evidence that can guide treatment selection in clinical practice,” said Ghadeer Dawwas, PhD, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
For the real-world study, the researchers analysed data from a commercial health insurance database (January 2013-December 2020) and identified 9,947 patients who had recently started taking apixaban and compared them with another 9,947 patients newly taking rivaroxaban. All patients were matched for age and other characteristics that could affect outcomes.
When compared with rivaroxaban, apixaban was associated with a lower rate of ischeamic stroke or systemic embolism (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.80) and bleeding (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41-0.62).
The absolute reduction in the probability of stroke or systemic embolism with apixaban compared with rivaroxaban was 0.0026 within 6 months and 0.011 within 1 year of treatment initiation. The absolute reduction in the probability of bleeding events with apixaban compared with rivaroxaban was 0.012 within 6 months and 0.019 within 1 year of treatment initiation
The researchers calculated that the rate of stroke or systemic embolism per patient per year of follow-up was 0.91% for rivaroxaban users compared with 0.52% for apixaban users.
“Until evidence from randomized controlled trials becomes available, we believe clinicians should consider our findings when selecting anticoagulants in patients with AF and VHD,” said senior author Sean Hennessy, PhD, University of Pennsylvania.
Reference: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-0318
SOURCE: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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