http://jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12984-015-0105-6
- Silvia Erika KoberEmail author,
- Daniela Schweiger,
- Matthias Witte,
- Johanna Louise Reichert,
- Peter Grieshofer,
- Christa Neuper and
- Guilherme Wood
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation201512:107
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-015-0105-6
© Kober et al. 2015
Received: 6 July 2015
Accepted: 24 November 2015
Published: 1 December 2015
Abstract
Background
Using EEG based neurofeedback
(NF), the activity of the brain is modulated directly and, therefore,
the cortical substrates of cognitive functions themselves. In the
present study, we investigated the ability of stroke patients to control
their own brain activity via NF and evaluated specific effects of
different NF protocols on cognition, in particular recovery of memory.
Methods
N = 17 stroke patients received up to ten sessions of either SMR (N = 11, 12–15 Hz) or Upper Alpha (N = 6, e.g. 10–12 Hz) NF training. N = 7 stroke patients received treatment as usual as control condition. Furthermore, N
= 40 healthy controls performed NF training as well. To evaluate the NF
training outcome, a test battery assessing different cognitive functions
was performed before and after NF training.
Results
About 70 % of both patients
and controls achieved distinct gains in NF performance leading to
improvements in verbal short- and long-term memory, independent of the
used NF protocol. The SMR patient group showed specific improvements in
visuo-spatial short-term memory performance, whereas the Upper Alpha
patient group specifically improved their working memory performance. NF
training effects were even stronger than effects of traditional
cognitive training methods in stroke patients. NF training showed no
effects on other cognitive functions than memory.
Conclusions
Post-stroke victims with
memory deficits could benefit from NF training as much as healthy
controls. The used NF training protocols (SMR, Upper Alpha) had specific
as well as unspecific effects on memory. Hence, NF might offer an
effective cognitive rehabilitation tool improving memory deficits of
stroke survivors.
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