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Gut microbiome and metabolome profiling in Framingham heart study reveals cholesterol-metabolizing bacteria
Published:April 02, 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.014
Highlights
- •Multiomic profiling in FHS reveals microbes and metabolites associated with CVD
- •Oscillibacter species are associated with decreased blood and stool cholesterol
- •Homology searches and molecular networking predict cholesterol enzymes and products
- •Oscillibacter species encode for conserved cholesterol-metabolizing enzymes
Summary
Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with
an altered gut microbiome. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been
hindered by lack of matched multiomic data with diagnostic biomarkers. To comprehensively
profile gut microbiome contributions to CVD, we generated stool metagenomics and metabolomics
from 1,429 Framingham Heart Study participants. We identified blood lipids and cardiovascular
health measurements associated with microbiome and metabolome composition. Integrated
analysis revealed microbial pathways implicated in CVD, including flavonoid, γ-butyrobetaine,
and cholesterol metabolism. Species from the Oscillibacter genus were associated with decreased fecal and plasma cholesterol levels. Using functional
prediction and in vitro characterization of multiple representative human gut Oscillibacter isolates, we uncovered conserved cholesterol-metabolizing capabilities, including
glycosylation and dehydrogenation. These findings suggest that cholesterol metabolism
is a broad property of phylogenetically diverse Oscillibacter spp., with potential benefits for lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular health.
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