Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Monday, January 5, 2026

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Hausa version of the London Handicap Scale among stroke survivors in Nigeria

 

'Assessments' don't get you recovered, only EXACT PROTOCOLS DO! SURVIVORS WANT RECOVERTY! GET THERE!

I'd fire everyone involved with this crapola! You're 'assessing' based on the failure of the status quo! Change the status quo, you blithering idiots!

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Hausa version of the London Handicap Scale among stroke survivors in Nigeria


Muhammad Aliyu Abba
1
,
 
Olubukola Adebisi Olaleye
2
,
 
Talhatu Kolapo Hamzat
2

  1. Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
  2. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Research, Physiotherapy Review, 2025, 29(4), 39-52
Online publish date: 2025/12/22
Introduction
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, often resulting in persistent limitations in activity and participation. Measuring the degree of handicap experienced by stroke survivors is essential for guiding rehabilitation, monitoring progress, and evaluating outcomes. The London Handicap Scale (LHS) is a widely used tool for assessing participation restrictions; however, its application requires cultural and linguistic adaptation to ensure validity in non-English-speaking populations. Given the large Hausa-speaking population in West Africa, a culturally adapted version of the LHS is needed to support clinical practice and research.

Aims
To cross-culturally adapt the London Handicap Scale (LHS) into the Hausa language and to evaluate its psychometric properties among stroke survivors.

Material and methods
The cross-cultural adaptation of the LHS was performed in accordance with the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines. The psychometric properties of the final Hausa version (LHS-H)—including test–retest reliability, criterion validity, internal consistency, and construct validity—were assessed among stroke survivors. Socio-demographic characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted using Spearman rank-order correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis, with statistical significance set at α = 0.05.

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