So you described something but didn't give us a protocol on what EXACTLY NEEDS TO BE DONE. Useless. No objective damage diagnosis which should lead directly to an EXACT protocol. Does no one know how to do research that actually helps survivors? Obviously the mentors and senior researchers here don't.
Kinetic Interjoint Coordination in Lower Limbs during Gait in Patients with Hemiparesis
1
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
2
Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
3
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Seifollah Gholampour and Mohammad Reza Safaei
Biomechanics 2022, 2(3), 466-477; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2030036
Received: 5 July 2022
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Revised: 7 September 2022
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Accepted: 8 September 2022
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Published: 11 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Biomechanics and Biomaterial Engineering in Neurological Disorders)
The coordination of joint moments in the same limb—otherwise known as
kinetic interjoint coordination—during gait in patients with hemiparesis
remains unclear. This study clarifies the characteristics of kinetic
interjoint coordination in the lower limbs using a principal component
analysis (PCA). Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and
force plates, the kinematic and kinetic data from 29 patients with
hemiparesis and 12 healthy controls were measured when they walked along
a 7 m walkway. The spatiotemporal principal components (PCs) of the
hip, knee, and ankle joint moments were calculated using a PCA and the
motor modules during gait were identified. We adopted a case–control
study design to clarify the kinetic interjoint coordination
characteristics during gait in patients with hemiplegia. As the results
of comparisons between the patients and controls showed, the peak timing
of the first PC, which had high loadings of hip and ankle joint moments
on the paretic side, was significantly earlier than that on the other
sides. The loading of the knee joint moment for the first PC on the
paretic side was significantly lower than that on the non-paretic side (p
< 0.05), which was highly variable with negative and positive
values. The results demonstrated that the first motor module comprising
hip and ankle joint moments on the paretic side during gait in patients
with hemiparesis may be merged with knee joint flexion or the extension
moment, and may have an atypical temporal component. The index of
kinetic interjoint coordination would be a useful tool for robotic-based
systems for effective rehabilitation, which would significantly
contribute to the acceleration of collaborative research in the fields
of engineering and rehabilitation medicine.
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Keywords:
gait; hemiparesis; intralimb kinetic coordination
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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