Anti-JNK2 peptide–siRNA nanostructures improve plaque endothelium and reduce thrombotic risk in atherosclerotic mice

Well, human followup needed but will never occur since we have complete fucking failures of stroke associations, NO stroke leadership and NO stroke strategy. Stroke is obviously not important to anyone in charge.
Way back in Feb. 2013 this same conclusion was written up,  inhibiting the enzyme JNK protected reperfusion injury in rats. WHOSE INCOMPETENCE needs to be called out for not doing one damn thing with this old research? There is one hell of a lot of incompetence in stroke that needs to be removed. There are NO excuses that can condone this behavior.

Compound Developed by Scripps Florida Scientists Protects Heart Cells During and After Attack  Feb. 2013

Anti-JNK2 peptide–siRNA nanostructures improve plaque endothelium and reduce thrombotic risk in atherosclerotic mice

Authors Pan H, Palekar RU, Hou KK, Bacon J, Yan H, Springer LE, Akk A, Yang L, Miller MJ, Pham CTN, Schlesinger PH, Wickline SA
Received 18 March 2018
Accepted for publication 15 June 2018
Published 6 September 2018 Volume 2018:13 Pages 5187—5205
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S168556
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Cristina Weinberg
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. Thomas J Webster

Hua Pan,¹ Rohun U Palekar,² Kirk K Hou,³ John Bacon,² Huimin Yan,³ Luke E Springer,³ Antonina Akk,³ Lihua Yang,³ Mark J Miller,³ Christine TN Pham,³ Paul H Schlesinger,³ Samuel A Wickline<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine, The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; ²Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA; ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA

Background: A direct and independent role of inflammation in atherothrombosis was recently highlighted by the Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial, showing the benefit of inhibiting signaling molecules, eg, interleukins. Accordingly, we sought to devise a flexible platform for preventing the inflammatory drivers at their source to preserve plaque endothelium and mitigate procoagulant risk.
Methods: p5RHH-siRNA nanoparticles were formulated through self-assembly processes. The therapeutic efficacy of p5RHH-JNK2 siRNA nanoparticles was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: Because JNK2 is critical to macrophage uptake of oxidized lipids through scavenger receptors that engender expression of myriad inflammatory molecules, we designed an RNA-silencing approach based on peptide–siRNA nanoparticles (p5RHH-siRNA) that localize to atherosclerotic plaques exhibiting disrupted endothelial barriers to achieve control of JNK2 expression by macrophages. After seven doses of p5RHH-JNK2 siRNA nanoparticles over 3.5 weeks in ApoE^-/- mice on a Western diet, both JNK2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased by 26% (P=0.044) and 42% (P=0.042), respectively. Plaque-macrophage populations were markedly depleted and NFκB and STAT3-signaling pathways inhibited by 47% (P<0.001) and 46% (P=0.004), respectively. Endothelial barrier integrity was restored (2.6-fold reduced permeability to circulating 200 nm nanoparticles in vivo, P=0.003) and thrombotic risk attenuated (200% increased clotting times to carotid artery injury, P=0.02), despite blood-cholesterol levels persistently exceeding 1,000 mg/dL. No adaptive or innate immunoresponses toward the nanoparticles were observed, and blood tests after the completion of treatment confirmed the largely nontoxic nature of this approach.
Conclusion: The ability to formulate these nanostructures rapidly and easily interchange or multiplex their oligonucleotide content represents a promising approach for controlling deleterious signaling events locally in advanced atherosclerosis.