If a stroke survivor can read and understand text messages they already have a high functioning executive level. Invalid research subjects, way too much cherry picking.
http://nnr.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/12/01/1545968316680484.abstract
- Fergus Gracey, ClinPsyD1,2,3⇑
- Jessica E. Fish, PhD3,4
- Eve Greenfield4
- Andrew Bateman, PhD2,3
- Donna Malley, MSt3
- Gemma Hardy, ClinPsyD3,4
- Jessica Ingham, ClinPsyD3,4
- Jonathan J. Evans, PhD5
- Tom Manly, PhD4
- 1University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- 2Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation Alliance, Cambridge, UK
- 3Princess of Wales Hospital, Cambridgeshire, UK
- 4MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
- 5University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Fergus Gracey, ClinPsyD, Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. Email: f.gracey@uea.ac.uk
Abstract
Background. Acquired brain injury
(ABI) can impair executive function, impeding planning and attainment
of intentions. Research shows
promise for some goal-management rehabilitation
interventions. However, evidence that alerts assist monitoring and
completion
of day-to-day intentions is limited.
Objective. To examine the efficacy of brief goal-directed rehabilitation paired with periodic SMS text messages designed to enhance
executive monitoring of intentions (assisted intention monitoring [AIM]).
Methods.
A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted. Following a
baseline phase, 74 people with ABI and executive
problems were randomized to receive AIM or control
(information and games) for 3 weeks (phase 1) before crossing over to
either
AIM or no intervention (phase 2). The primary
outcome was change in composite score of proportion of daily intentions
achieved.
A total of 59 people (71% male; 46% traumatic brain
injury) completed all study phases.
Results. Per protocol crossover analysis found a significant benefit of AIM for all intentions [F(1, 56) = 4.28; P = .04; f = 0.28; 3.7% mean difference; 95% CI = 0.1%-7.4%] and all intentions excluding a proxy prospective memory task [F(1, 55) = 4.79; P = .033; f
= 0.28, medium effect size; 3% mean difference; 95% CI = 0.3%-5.6%] in
the absence of significant changes on tests of executive
functioning. Intention-to-treat analyses, comparing
AIM against control at the end of phase 1 revealed no statistically
significant
differences in the attainment of intentions.
Conclusion. Combining brief executive rehabilitation with alerts may be effective for some in improving achievement of daily intentions,
but further evaluation of clinical effectiveness and mechanisms is required.
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