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DASH diet linked to lower risk of cognitive decline
In a large prospective analysis of 159,347 adults from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, greater adherence to 6 established healthy dietary patterns was consistently associated with lower risk of subjective cognitive decline, with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet showing the strongest effect and the most robust link to better objectively measured global cognition.
In the study, published in JAMA Neurology, individuals in the highest versus lowest decile of DASH adherence had 41% lower odds of subjective cognitive decline, reinforcing dietary quality as a modifiable strategy clinicians can emphasise to support long-term cognitive health.
“These findings support the importance of healthy eating as part of midlife brain-health strategies and motivate pragmatic and implementation research to translate these findings into scalable programs,” wrote Hui Chen, PhD, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues.
The researchers assessed 6 dietary pattern scores, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, the DASH diet score, the Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index, the Planetary Health Diet Index, and the reversed empirical dietary indices for hyperinsulinemia and inflammatory pattern.
Dietary intake was repeatedly assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, and cognitive outcomes were evaluated through self-reported measures of perceived decline and, in a subset, telephone-based cognitive testing, with analyses conducted across several decades of follow-up.
Higher adherence to all 6 dietary patterns was associated with significantly lower risk of subjective cognitive decline, with the DASH diet demonstrating the strongest association (risk ratio = 0.59 comparing highest vs lowest adherence) and the most robust link to better global cognitive scores.
Diets rich in vegetables and fish and lower in red and processed meats were particularly associated with favorable outcomes, underscoring the role of cardiometabolic-friendly dietary patterns as a potentially modifiable strategy to preserve long-term cognitive health.
While subgroup analyses hinted that lifestyle factors such as physical activity might modify these associations, the study was not powered to formally test interactions, underscoring the need for larger studies and long-term clinical trials.
Reference: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2845466
SOURCE: JAMA Neurology
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