Risk of stroke with e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use in young adults

Be careful out there, ask your doctor what this means, especially the bolded no link part.

Risk of stroke with e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use in young adults

American Journal of Preventive Medicine — Parekh T, et al. | January 09, 2020

Researchers assessed the risk of stroke in relation to e-cigarette use with or without a history of prior or concurrent combustible cigarette use among young adults. For this purpose, they studied pooled data (2016–2017) from a nationally representative, cross-sectional telephone survey—the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System—in 2019. They analyzed overall 161,529 participants aged 18–44 years. Findings revealed no link between sole e-cigarette use and greater odds of stroke in young adults. However, experts found significantly increased odds of stroke if former or current combustible cigarette use was reported by young adults even in comparison with current sole combustible cigarette use. No stroke benefits were conferred by switching from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes.

• See Also: Exosomes promote remarkable recovery in stroke

Read the full article on American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Cocaine use and risk of ischemic stroke in young adults

So don't do cocaine.
https://www.mdlinx.com/internal-medicine/medical-news-article/2016/03/30/cocaine-hypertension-odds-ratio-stroke-young/6604505/?

Stroke

Cheng YC, et al. –

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Although case reports have long identified a temporal association between cocaine use and ischemic stroke (IS), few epidemiological studies have examined the association of cocaine use with IS in young adults, by timing, route, and frequency of use. The data are consistent with a causal association between acute cocaine use and risk of early–onset IS.

Methods

• A population-based case-control study design with 1090 cases and 1154 controls was used to investigate the relationship of cocaine use and young-onset IS.
• Stroke cases were between the ages of 15 and 49 years.
• Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cocaine use and IS with and without adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

• Ever use of cocaine was not associated with stroke with 28% of cases and 26% of controls reporting ever use.
• In contrast, acute cocaine use in the previous 24 hours was strongly associated with increased risk of stroke (age-sex-race adjusted odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-18.6).
• Among acute users, the smoking route had an adjusted odds ratio of 7.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-35.0), whereas the inhalation route had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.7-16.9).
• After additional adjustment for current alcohol, smoking use, and hypertension, the odds ratio for acute cocaine use by any route was 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-19.7).
• Of the 26 patients with cocaine use within 24 hours of their stroke, 14 reported use within 6 hours of their event.

How Does Marijuana Affect the Brain and Behavior? Here's What Recent Studies Say

My God, anything to put a negative spin on marijuana. We already know that young brains aren't fully developed until 26-28, so unless we know the age of the participants this may not be a valid conclusion. We'll never know because we have NO stroke strategy or stroke leadership in any part of stroke. But Reefer Madness strikes again.
The sky is falling article here:

How Does Marijuana Affect the Brain and Behavior? Here's What Recent Studies Say

Actual research article here: It references young adults. Can't tell who sponsored the research.

Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life

Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke Among Young Adults

Except that the conclusion doesn't necessarily follow if they haven't accounted for smokers. Don't they know about Occams' razor?
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/46/12/3348.abstract?

1. Maayan Yitshak Sade, MPH;
2. Victor Novack, MD, PhD;
3. Gal Ifergane, MD;
4. Anat Horev, MD;
5. Itai Kloog, PhD

+ Author Affiliations

1. From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel (M.Y.S., V.N.); Clinical Research Center (M.Y.S., V.N.) and Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel (G.I., A.H.); and Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.).

1. Correspondence to Itai Kloog, PhD, Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheva, Israel. E-mail ikloog@bgu.ac.il

Abstract

Background and Purpose—Studies have demonstrated consistent associations between cardiovascular illness and particulate matter (PM) <10 and <2.5 μm in diameter, but stroke received less attention. We hypothesized that air pollution, an inflammation progenitor, can be associated with stroke incidence in young patients in whom the usual risk factors for stroke are less prevalent. We aimed to evaluate the association between stroke incidence and exposure to PM <10 and <2.5 μm, in a desert area characterized by a wide range of PM.

Methods—We included all members of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel, who were admitted to a local hospital with stroke between 2005 and 2012. Exposure assessment was based on a hybrid model incorporating daily satellite remote sensing data at 1-km spatial resolution. We performed case-crossover analysis, stratified by personal characteristics and distance from main roads.

Results—We identified 4837 stroke cases (89.4% ischemic stroke). Interquartile range of PM <10 and <2.5 μm was 36.3 to 54.7 and 16.7 to 23.3 μg/m³, respectively. The subjects’ average age was 70 years; 53.4% were males. Associations between ischemic stroke and increases of interquartile range average concentrations of particulate matter <10 or <2.5 μm at the day of the event were observed among subjects <55 years (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.11 [1.02–1.20] and 1.10 [1.00–1.21]). Stronger associations were observed in subjects living within 75 m from a main road (1.22 [1.03–1.43] and 1.26 [1.04–1.51]).

Conclusions—We observed higher risk for ischemic stroke associated with PM among young adults. This finding can be explained by the inflammatory mechanism, linking air pollution and stroke.

Just one energy drink may boost heart disease risk in young adults

Be careful out there.
http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157911&CultureCode=en
Drinking one 16-ounce energy drink boosts blood pressure and stress hormone responses in young, healthy adults, according to a study presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2015. These changes could conceivably trigger new cardiovascular events.
Researchers studied 25 healthy young adults with no known cardiovascular risk factors. Each drank one 16-ounce can of a commercially available energy drink or a sham drink in random order on two separate days. Researchers measured participants’ blood pressure and blood levels of norepinephrine before and 30 minutes after drink consumption. Norepinephrine is a “fight or flight” chemical that increases blood pressure and the heart’s ability to contract and it modulates heart rate and breathing in response to perceived stress.
Researchers found that in addition to increases in blood pressure after consuming the energy drink, participants’ norepinephrine levels increased more than twice as much when compared to those who drank the sham drink. Specifically, norepinephrine levels increased by almost 74 percent after the energy drink consumption, versus by 30 percent after the sham drink.
Researchers said their findings suggest increases in blood pressure and stress hormones could predispose otherwise healthy, young adults to increased cardiovascular risk.
Anna Svatikova M.D., Ph.D.; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
Note: Actual presentation is 4:45 p.m. ET, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015.
Additional Resources:

• Life is Why Family Health Challenge
• How to get Energized without an Energy Drink
• For more news from the AHA’s Scientific Sessions 2015 follow us on Twitter@HeartNews  #AHA15.

http://newsroom.heart.org/news/sunday-nov-8-2015-news-tips?preview=c1d3f8021df0f7c5916fb87e0c8f57e6