Use the labels in the right column to find what you want. Or you can go thru them one by one, there are only 34,102 posts. Searching is done in the search box in upper left corner. I blog on anything to do with stroke. DO NOT DO ANYTHING SUGGESTED HERE AS I AM NOT MEDICALLY TRAINED, YOUR DOCTOR IS, LISTEN TO THEM. BUT I BET THEY DON'T KNOW HOW TO GET YOU 100% RECOVERED. I DON'T EITHER BUT HAVE PLENTY OF QUESTIONS FOR YOUR DOCTOR TO ANSWER.
Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain!trillions and trillions of neuronsthatDIEeach day because there areNOeffective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.
What this blog is for:
My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.
FYI. Anytime I see the word integrative I assume woo, so I don't know about this.
Woo medicine definition. "Woo" (sometimes "woo-woo") This is the term scientists and clinicians tend to use to describe a whole gamut of pseudoscience and quack medicine practices based on irrational beliefs and spiritualism.
Adherence to oxidative balance score is inversely associated with
the prevalence of stroke: results from National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey 1999–2018
1The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
2Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
3Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, China
Introduction: The relationship between oxidative
balance score (OBS), an emerging integrative metric for assessing
individual redox homeostasis, and the prevalence of stroke in the
general population remains unknown. We aimed to explore these
relationships in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES). We investigated the relationship between the oxidative balance
score (OBS) and stroke prevalence using NHANES data from 1999–2018.
Methods: We included eligible individuals from
NHANES 1999–2018. OBS calculations were based on previously validated
methods, and stroke diagnoses were based on self-reports in
questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to
examine the independent associations of overall, dietary, and lifestyle
OBS with stroke prevalence. In addition, restricted cubic spline (RCS),
stratified analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used.
Results: We included 25,258 participants aged
20–85 years, in which the prevalence of stroke was 2.66%. After
adjusting for all confounders, overall and dietary OBS, but not
lifestyle OBS, were inversely associated with the prevalence of stroke
[odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) and 0.98
(0.96, 0.99) for overall and dietary OBS, respectively, both p < 0.05].
In addition, there was a dose-response relationship between overall and
dietary OBS and stroke prevalence. The RCS showed that these
relationships were linear. Stratified analyses indicated that
socioeconomic status (SES) significantly influenced the relationship
between all OBS and stroke prevalence.
Conclusion: Dietary OBS, but not lifestyle OBS,
had an inverse relationship with the prevalence of stroke in the general
population. SES significantly influenced the protective effect of OBS
against stroke. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated
antioxidant properties from diet for stroke prevention.
1 Introduction
Stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide (1).
Global stroke statistics reveal that stroke is the second most common
cause of disability and mortality, and its disease burden is substantial
in both low- and high-income countries (2).
Stroke is the disease leading to the highest disability-adjusted
life-years lost in China, with approximately 2 million new cases each
year (3).
The incidence of stroke is highest in the elderly population; however,
recent epidemiologic studies have shown that the incidence of stroke in
young adults (<50 years of age) is increasing dramatically (4).
Evidence-based findings suggest that up to 85% of strokes are
preventable; therefore, identifying modifiable risk factors for stroke
is a major instrument for stroke prevention and management of stroke
populations (5).
Oxidative stress is an important component of the
pathogenesis of stroke, which is inextricably associated with
neuroinflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury (6, 7).
Dietary and other lifestyle modifications, which are recognized as
central in stroke prevention, are closely linked to homeostasis of the
individual’s redox state. There is a large body of evidence linking
nutritional deficiencies and poor lifestyles such as obesity status and
harmful alcohol consumption to stroke risk and prognosis (8–10).
However, whether there are independent and/or combined effects of
oxidative stress-related dietary components and lifestyle on the
prevalence of stroke in the general population remains unstudied.
More at link.
The oxidative balance score (OBS) is an emerging
indicator in recent years for assessing the homeostasis of an
individual’s redox balance, which consists of a dietary OBS, and a
lifestyle OBS (11).
OBS has demonstrated its clinical relevance in extensive epidemiologic
studies and is associated with a variety of diseases such as cancer (12), chronic kidney disease (13), and depression (14).
Exploring whether OBS is associated with the prevalence of stroke in
the general population could help potential stroke prevention strategies
based on OBS. We here explore these relationships using a nationwide
population-based survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys (NHANES).
“You don’t grow new brain cells” my mom would tell me time and time
again. “Be sure to wear a mask when you play with spray paint…You can’t
afford to have another concussion…you better not smoke pot it kills your
brain cells.” Mom really reinforced the belief. Going to Chiropractic
school was supposed to break some major paradigms in harnessing human
potential, it didn’t. In fact, even the Functional Neurology classes at
that time still reinforced the dominant belief, that we do not grow new
brain cells.
The current frontiers of science
now show that old belief is not true. We do grow new brain and nerve
cells. This phenomenon is called Neurogenesis.
What is Neurogenesis exactly? Neurogenesis is the birth and growth of
new neurons, brain cells in the adult human brain. It takes place on a
daily basis and can even be stimulated. It is part of an innate natural
process that reduces the degenerative effects of aging on the brain.1
Current research explorations are working to uncover specific methods
that stimulate neurogenesis. Before I touch on those strategies, let’s
better understand the process.
Neurogenesis occurs in certain regions of the brain because of
specialized astrocytes. They have the ability to act as neural stem
cells supporting lifelong neurogenesis. Different regions of the brain
have different neurogenic potentials.
Two factors, the cell-intrinsic potential and its supportive
microenvironment determine whether or not it will take place. Basically,
blueprint and surrounding environmental conditions.
In some regions of the brain, dormant astrocytes when provoked by an
environmental condition i.e. exercise or intermittent fasting can be
stimulated to produce new brain cells. However in conditions of brain
injury or stroke, the astrocytes do not use this potential to completely
regrow damaged areas.2 Why?
Is this a design flaw or is this by design? At a later time I will
put together a science/philosophy article addressing the question
because it is such an intriguing theme- immaculate design versus design
flaw. Until then, our discussions takes us to the main site of
neurogenesis, the hippocampus.
One primary brain region in adult humans that can produce newborn
brain cells is called the hippocampus. If you aren’t familiar with that
region, the hippocampus is responsible for learning, memory, mood and
emotion. Jonas Frisén from the Karolinska Institute estimates that we
produce up to 1,400 new neurons in the adult brain everyday, with the
rate declining as we age. By the time we turn 50 we will completely
turned over the original hippocampal neurons from birth with new ones.
That is a little bit longer than the 120 day turnover for a red blood
cell, but still.
Why does it matter?
The hippocampus is
especially important for learning and memory, particularly spatial memory. When
hippocampal function is blocked in a laboratory setting those functions decline
– reminiscent of age you might think.
As neuroscientist Sandrine Thuret explains, there is a clear
link demonstrated between neurogenesis and depression. Individuals with
depression suffer from lower rates of neurogenesis and anti-depressant drugs
have a positive impact on neurogenesis. Likewise when neurogenesis is blocked
in a clinical setting, it also blocks the effect of antidepressant drugs.3
Therefore if depression is utilized as a marker for neurological vitality, it’s
really a lot more than an emotional syndrome.
The discussions surrounding neurogenesis split into two conceptual
themes. The first one is to reduce cognitive decline i.e. brain
degeneration that is already occurring. The second focuses around
harnessing and optimizing an innate human potential to maximize our
expression of vitality i.e. truly preventative.
If cognitive, neurological or
physical health is an investment portfolio, it is incumbent to build
positively every single day. To work with the neurogenesis “investment
portfolio” we need to discuss something called BDNF.
In clinical practice my primary focus is on the latter,
maximizing human potential. If cognitive, neurological or physical health is an
investment portfolio, it is incumbent to build positively every single day. To
work with the neurogenesis “investment portfolio” we need to discuss something
called BDNF.
BDNF – Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
BDNF is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain. BDNF is the
manure of the brain, the miracle grow to stimulate new neuronal growth.
It is the key molecule involved in learning and memory. It serves as a
regulator molecule and participates in plasticity. Individuals with
Alzheimer’s disease have significantly lower levels of this vital
neuropeptide. Factors that stimulate BDNF production in turn stimulate
neurogenesis9 which in turn optimally regulates other vital
functions in the body. Stimulating BDNF production and expression can be
done through exercise, including certain foods in the diet,
Intermittent Fasting, sex and more. These are all great things that
bring enjoyment to life, but also increase our cognitive longevity!
Exercise ok…. But what kind?
We have known for a long time that exercise increases mood, cognitive function, enhances memory, learning capability.4
It has even been shown to have antidepressant effects and even protect
against age related cognitive degeneration such as that seen in dementia
and Alzheimer’s.5 All that is possible because physical
training increases angiogenesis (new vascular formations),
synaptogenesis (new neuronal connectivity)6,7 and hippocampal neurogenesis which improves learning capacity.1 The good news is to get that, it’s as simple as getting on a mouse wheel, at least if you are a mouse. A 2005 study8 showed
that older age mice placed on a running wheel showed faster acquisition
and memory retention in maze tasks after only 1 month of exercise
compared to younger non exercising mice. An even more stunning
observation was that the rate of neurogenesis decline in aged mice that
ran on a wheel for 1 month was reversed by 50%. The same principles
apply to us- probably because modern life is a rat race… forget that.
Humans, similar to mice, have a dose dependent relationship between
exercise and BDNF stimulation and expression. Regular aerobic exercise
of a moderate nature increases the magnitude of BDNF expression
following each workout session.8 The greater the regularity, the higher the consistency in BDNF stimulation and enhanced brain function.
Extreme exercise (which the research does not define) has been shown
to disrupt and impair metabolic, endocrine and cognitive functions in
humans. This is theoretically due to the high production of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cellular mortality. As a health care
provider and highly active trainer I would interpret extreme as
“regularly training to exhaustion” with triathlons, Iron Man and other
high endurance level beat down type systems. Supporting those with
replenishing and on-point nutrition would be the major focus to mitigate
long term impact.
Moderate aerobic exercise
stimulates neurogenesis via BDNF more effectively than extreme
athletics. Sadly, strength training programs with weights have not shown
significant positive BDNF expression.
Moderate levels of exercise on the other hand have a strengthening
effect on the immune system and antioxidant defense system. Moderate
aerobic exercise clearly stimulates neurogenesis via BDNF more
effectively as represented in the current research.9 Sadly, strength training programs with weights have not demonstrated any significant changes in BDNF activity.10 I
still believe they are in integral part of any healthy regimen and the
best training program is a varied one that always changes and
incorporates new challenges.
Foods that promote Neurogenesis
Diet modulates mood and memory in the same direction that it drives
neurogenesis. Go figure, natural systems harmonize across diverse
functions. Neuroscientist Sandrine Thuret points to high antioxidant
level foods for stimulating neurogenesis together with a low
inflammatory diet. Foods with high levels of omega 3 fatty acids, zinc,
resveratrol and flavonoids are most notable. So, blueberries, salmon or
algael oils, red wine, walnuts, other brightly colored fruits and
vegetables are where its at. Decadence through health in my opinion.
Turmeric is a must have, in this protocol as well as any other health
focused protocol. Curcumin, the polyphenol bioactive component in turmeric is very important for neurogenesis and neurological repair11 and
has been the subject of numerous studies on protecting against
neurodegenerative disorders. Diligent mastication, meaning chewing your
food well also helps stimulate neurogenesis. Certain vitamin
deficiencies will significantly impair the brain’s capacity to support
neurogenesis. They are vitamins of the B family, E, D and A. Consuming
high fat, sugary, soft foods and alcohol have the same effect- they
destroy general health and brain function.
Caloric Restriction, Intermittent Fasting and Neurogenesis
Dietary restriction in the form of caloric reduction and intermittent
fasting increases neuronal resistance to brain dysfunction and
degeneration. This is especially the case in models of Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease and stroke. Dietary restriction
stimulates the production of “stress proteins” and neurotrophic factors
to increase the brain’s capacity for neuronal repair, plasticity and
growing new brain cells.12 How does that work exactly?
It’s well established that the human body is design-adapted for
periods of food scarcity and fasting rather than a life of
overconsumption. Our brain is designed to shift into high alert and
performance states when survival is on the line. There is also robust
evidence that fasting and intermittent fasting reduce oxidative stress
and inflammation and optimize energy metabolism through ketone body
metabolism. Intermittent Fasting’s neurological anti-aging effect is due
to several activities it causes in the brain: increased neurotrophic
factors via BDNF, increased neurogenesis, increased plasticity,
increased mitochondrial biogenesis (energy), increased stress resistance
and reduced oxidative stress.
Fasting’s positive impact on brain health is largely due to BDNF and
Insulin cellular receptor coupling in certain pathways. They work
together in cellular expression which would explain the reasons why BDNF
appears to “mediate behavioral and metabolic responses to fasting and
exercise involving appetite, activity levels” and more.13 BDNF is more than a brainy neuropeptide, it influences and increases insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle cells.14 Which scientifically brings us back to eat less, move more!
If you made it all the way through this technical article, well done.
Its focus has been geared more towards how this process works and why
certain activities support Neurogenesis. This larger technical piece has
been a necessary step forward for future pieces discussing the ins and
outs of actually optimizing neurogenesis and BDNF expression. Thanks
About the author– Dr. Dov Pine, DC. CSP. PAK, is
a Chiropractor and Educator with a clinical focus in Chronic
Degenerative Disease, Paediatric and Developmental Health and Hormonal
Imbalances . His services include gentle Chiropractic, Functional
Medicine and Plant Based Nutrition. Dr. Pine lives in Newcastle, New
South Wales and attends patients at Chiropractic Plus in New Lambton.
I tune my neurons with red wine, helps with my needed social connections, although sake and white wine work just as well. Don't follow me, I have no medical training.
NeuCogni is pioneering wearable devices to improve well-being, and relieve pain and symptoms of neuro-disorders.
Our innovations at the intersection of neuroscience, artificial intelligence and functional psychology can transform existing approaches to overall well-being and mental health treatment.
Our technology lies in fine-tuning brainwave frequencies for the optimal operation of neurons.
I see nothing in the presentations that looks like protocols or anything to do with the neuronal cascade of death. Even worse, they went to the dark side and have speakers on Complementary Integrative Medicine.
They look like a set of fancy headphones.
But a set of spikes inside the band act as electrodes to stimulate the brain.
According to California startup Halo Neuroscience,
the device can help improve the performance of athletes, pilots and
surgeons, and potentially help rehabilitation for stroke victims.
"The brain is an electrical organ," said Daniel Chao, a physician and
co-founder of Halo, in discussing the product at this week's Fortune
Brainstorm Tech conference.
By stimulating the motor cortex, Chao says the Halo device can "extract
latent potential" in the brain to improve performance for people who
rely on making quick decisions on movements such as athletes.
"We think of athleticism athletes, pilots as athletes."
Halo, which has raised some $10 million in funding, began selling the Halo Sport device last year for $749.
The San Francisco startup has also concluded deals with the San
Francisco Giants baseball team and the U.S. Olympic ski team to
integrate Halo in training programs.
Chao said the U.S. military is the company's largest customer, aiming
to help improve the performance of special operations team
Users are advised to wear the headset for 20 minutes a day, to get
electrical stimulation "to build stronger, more optimized connections
between your brain and muscles," according to the company website.
Chao, who trained as a doctor and studied neuroscience at Stanford,
previously worked at a startup called Neuro Pace which uses electrical
stimulation to treat epilepsy.
He said his research found little help from drugs for the disease and decided to study "electricity as medicine for the brain."
Chao said he hopes to obtain U.S. government approval to use the technology for medical applications.
"As a doctor I want to see this achieve an FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) approval," he told the conference. "The first
application could be for stroke rehab."
TeleHealth
Medical Group is pleased to announce the formal introduction of their
stroke recovery guarantee program. This unique rehabilitation program is
the first of its kind across the globe, and promises to be a
ground-breaking development for the future of stroke treatment. As per
this guarantee, patients that do not clinically improve after the
program will have the option to repeat the program or claim complete
refund.
The therapeutic value of stem cells is now
well established in the medical fraternity.(Really? Some proof?) Stem cell regenerative
therapy has already helped thousands of patients around the world
recover from a wide variety of degenerative disorders including stroke.
TeleHealth Medical Group has taken a holistic
approach to stroke recovery utilizing a combination of stem cell
replacement therapy and IV supplements to help the body heal and
regenerate faster. Another important components of this program in
addition to the stem cell replacement and nutritional supplementation is
the comprehensive rehabilitation program. Instead of focusing only on
the brain, it looks to treat the entire body after a thorough
examination of the patient’s past and current health issues to improve
connectivity and relearning of damaged pathways.
The comprehensive rehabilitation program from
TeleHealth Medical Group is a three month long process that involves
three visits to the clinic per week. In general, each of these sessions
lasts between ninety minutes and two hours.
Some of the key components of the therapy include:
Brain mapping to measure future
progress: The patient’s assessment starts by painless mapping of their
brain. This is done using a cap with many electrodes that measure the
brain wave activity.(Wow, lots of woo there)
Brain training to build new pathways: This is done to fortify the
neural pathways in the brain like tiny roadways. When stroke damages
these roadways, brain training helps the brain build new ones. Virtual
reality games are implemented to help patients improve their brain
function.
Personalized virtual and extended reality rehab program: Every
patient is unique, and they can personalize their V.R. rehab program.
Part of the rehabilitation uses Wii games to help reprogram the brain,
and hand-eye coordination helping balance.
The on-site sessions have a duration of about
an hour, and take place three times a week with a lot of homework
targeted towards daily reinforcement of the lessons learned. Self-guided
home therapy sessions are offered three times a day, each of
approximately ten minutes. This therapy has become a patient-friendly
cloud-based automated system that is less expensive and very mobile.
The program is currently priced at $32,500.00
payable upon initiation. Most importantly, regardless of the type of
stroke, the extent of disability, or the other illnesses of the patient,
TeleHealth Medical Group promises to honor the clinical improvement
guarantee.
An extraordinarily high percentage of the
patients of TeleHealth Medical Group have regained mobility, speech and
their lives, after undergoing their therapy. One of the earliest
beneficiaries of this cutting-edge stroke treatment technique, Robert F.
stated, “ I found the services provided by the TeleHealth Medical Group
to be on the highest professional level. My experiences with Dr. Seth
Camhi and Dr. Bryn Henderson have far exceeded my experiences with any
previous medical group. I found their knowledge of the medical field to
be exceptional. I highly recommend the TeleHealth Medical Group.”
Sounds like woo to me, balancing brain frequencies. I bet strokies would be totally unbalanced. http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=167712&CultureCode=en
A noninvasive neurotechnology, which uses sound to balance right- and
left-side brain frequencies was associated with lowered blood pressure,
improved heart rate variability, and reduced symptoms of migraine
headaches, according to two small studies presented at the American
Heart Association’s Council on Hypertension 2016 Scientific Sessions.
The neurotechnology, called High-resolution, relational, resonance
based, electroencephalic mirroring, or HIRREM® (Brain State
Technologies, Scottsdale, Arizona), uses sensors placed on the scalp to
measure brain electrical activity, and detect right/left imbalances, or
hyperarousal, according to study author Hossam A. Shaltout, R.Ph.,
Ph.D., assistant professor in the Hypertension and Vascular Research
Center at Wake Forest School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, North
Carolina.
“Most people have relatively balanced electrical activity between the
right side and left sides of the brain,” Shaltout said. “Imbalance,
with one side dominant, or more active, may reflect autonomic
dysregulation associated with the effects of chronic stress, which is
thought to play a role in high blood pressure, migraines, insomnia,
depression, hot flashes and more.”
In real time, HIRREM monitors brain electrical activity and
translates dominant brain frequencies into computer-generated audible
tones that are reflected back simultaneously via ear buds.
“Gradually, and on its own, with no conscious, cognitive activity
required, the electrical pattern tends to shift towards improved balance
and reduced hyperarousal,” Shaltout said.
In one study (Abstract P310), researchers looked at HIRREM’s impact
on 10 men and women with stage one hypertension at the start of the
study. After an average of 17.7 HIRREM sessions received over 10.2
in-office days, hypertensive patients showed an average reduction in
their systolic blood pressure, from 152 to 136 millimeters of mercury
(mm Hg), and a reduction in their diastolic pressure from 97 to 81 mmHg.
Insomnia severity improved in the small study group, and anxiety
seemed to improve. The researchers also found that heart rate
variability increased from an average 42 to 57 milliseconds, which is a
good thing, Shaltout said. Heart rate variability refers to variations
in the interval between heartbeats.
“The more flexibility and dynamic range the body has to be able to
change the heart rate in response to the blood pressure, the better,”
Shaltout said.
In another study (Abstract P602), the researchers examined the effect
of HIRREM on 52 adults who had reported they suffered from migraines.
The patients studied received 15.9 sessions over nine in-office days.
Comparing the data they collected before the therapy to two weeks after,
researchers found patients reported improvements for insomnia, mood,
and headaches.
These results are the first to suggest that HIRREM could offer
cardiovascular as well as behavioral benefits in the treatment of high
blood pressure. More research is needed to verify these preliminary
findings, Shaltout said.
These studies looking at hypertension and migraine are part of a
larger research program that has now enrolled over 400 participants in
one of five studies to assess the effect of HIRREM for multiple symptoms
and conditions,.
“If these findings are confirmed in larger controlled studies, HIRREM
may prove to be a valuable new approach for brain-based health care,”
Shaltout said.
Co-authors on both abstracts are Catherine L. Tegeler, B.S.; Charles
H. Tegeler, M.D. and Sung Lee, M.D., M.Sc. Author disclosures are on the
abstract.
The Susanne Marcus Collins Foundation, Inc., funded the study.
Abstract P310
Reduction of Blood Pressure and Improvement of Heart
Rate Variability in Hypertensive Cohort Aassociated With Use of a
Closed Loop Neurotechnology
Hossam A Shaltout, Catherine L Tegeler, Charles H Tegeler, Wake Forest Univ, Sch of Med, Winston Salem, NC http://newsroom.heart.org/news/sound-therapy-may-balance-brain-signals-to-reduce-blood-pressure-migraines?preview=dedf4e13aaa0c99f3463554406db82da Full bibliographic informationAbstract P602 Reduced
Symptoms And Improved Heart Rate Variability Associated With Use Of
Closed-Loop Noninvasive Neurotechnology By Migraineurs Catherine L Tegeler, Hossam A Shaltout, Charles H Tegeler, Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC
Wow, even the Mayo clinic has been compromised with Complementary and Integrative medicine. Lots of woo in that dvd. Yoga and meditation are not complementary, they are evidence based and so are real medicine. No real help with nutrition in there. Can't tell how old this is but it still has the main restrictions on salt, which is in dispute right now. I'm obviously totally unbalanced at least according to their medicine wheel quadrants; physical, mental, emotional, spiritual. I have no spiritual beliefs so my three spoked wheel has to compensate. It's doing a damn good job.
Jiarui Chen
Jianjian Liu1
Zhaowen Gu
Shuxin Lei
Qia Zhang
Kai Pan
Yongjie Wang
