Well, I'm obviously no longer young and my coffee consumption is needed for many reasons.
http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=155759&CultureCode=en
Coffee drinking is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular
events (mainly heart attacks) in young adults (18-45) with mild
hypertension, according to research presented at ESC Congress today by
Dr Lucio Mos, a cardiologist at Hospital of San Daniele del Friuli in
Udine, Italy.1 The 12 year study in more than 1 200 patients found that
heavy coffee drinkers had a four-fold increased risk while moderate
drinkers tripled their risk. Future prediabetes attenuated the
associations suggesting that the effect of coffee on cardiovascular
events may be mediated by its long term influence on blood pressure and
glucose metabolism.
“There is controversy surrounding the long term cardiovascular and
metabolic effects of coffee consumption in patients with hypertension,”
said Dr Mos. “Our study was designed to evaluate whether coffee drinking
had an effect on the risk of cardiovascular events, and if the
association was mediated by effects on blood pressure and glucose
metabolism.”
The study included 1 201 non-diabetic patients aged 18 to 45 years
from the prospective HARVEST2 study who had untreated stage 1
hypertension (systolic blood pressure between 140 and 159 mmHg and/or
diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 99 mmHg). Coffee consumption was
categorised by the number of caffeine-containing cups per day:
non-drinkers (0), moderate (1–3) and heavy drinkers (4 or more). Among
the participants, 26.3% were abstainers, 62.7% were moderate and 10.0%
were heavy coffee drinkers. Coffee drinkers were older and had a higher
body mass index than abstainers.
There was a linear relationship between coffee use and risk of
hypertension needing treatment. The association reached statistical
significance for heavy drinkers (figure 1). As type 2 diabetes often
develops in hypertensive patients at a later stage, the study examined
the long term effect of coffee drinking on the risk of developing
prediabetes. A linear relationship was found, with a 100% (30% to 210%)
increased risk of prediabetes in the heavy coffee drinkers (figure 2).
However, the risk of prediabetes related to coffee consumption
differed according to the CYP1A2 genotype, which determines whether
individuals are fast or slow caffeine metabolisers. The risk of
prediabetes was increased significantly only in slow caffeine
metabolisers, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.78 (95% confidence interval
1.32-5.88, p=0.0076) for heavy coffee drinkers.
“Drinking coffee increases the risk of prediabetes in young adults
with hypertension who are slow caffeine metabolisers,” said Dr Mos.
“Slow caffeine metabolisers have longer exposure to the detrimental
effects of caffeine on glucose metabolism. The risk is even greater if
they are overweight or obese, and if they are heavy coffee drinkers.
Thus, the effect of coffee on prediabetes depends on the amount of daily
coffee intake and genetic background.”
During the 12.5 year follow-up there were 60 cardiovascular events.
Of these about 80% were heart attacks and the remainder included
strokes, peripheral artery disease and kidney failure. In multivariable
analyses including other lifestyle factors, age, sex, parental
cardiovascular morbidity, body mass index, total blood cholesterol, 24
hour ambulatory blood pressure, 24 hour ambulatory heart rate and
follow-up changes in body weight, both coffee categories were
independent predictors of cardiovascular events with HRs of 4.3
(1.3-13.9) for heavy coffee drinkers and 2.9 (1.04-8.2) for moderate
drinkers.
Inclusion of hypertension development in the analysis attenuated the
strength of the association between coffee and cardiovascular events
with HRs of 3.9 (1.2-12.5) for heavy and of 2.8 (0.99-7.8) for moderate
drinkers. When future prediabetes was also incorporated, the
relationship was of borderline significance for heavy coffee drinkers
(HR, 3.2, 95%CI, 0.94-10.9) and was no longer significant for moderate
drinkers (HR, 2.3, 95%CI, 0.8-6.5).
Dr Mos concluded: “Our study shows that coffee use is linearly
associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in young adults
with mild hypertension. This relationship seems to be at least partially
mediated by the long term effect of coffee on blood pressure and
glucose metabolism. These patients should be aware that coffee
consumption may increase their risk of developing more severe
hypertension and diabetes in later life and should keep consumption to a
minimum.”
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