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Meta‐Analysis of Potassium Intake and the Risk of Stroke
Abstract
Background
The possibility that lifestyle factors such as diet, specifically
potassium intake, may modify the risk of stroke has been suggested by
several observational cohort studies, including some recent reports. We
performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of existing studies and
assessed the dose–response relation between potassium intake and stroke
risk.
Methods and Results
We reviewed the observational cohort studies addressing the relation
between potassium intake, and incidence or mortality of total stroke or
stroke subtypes published through August 6, 2016. We carried out a
meta‐analysis of 16 cohort studies based on the relative risk (RR) of stroke comparing the highest versus lowest intake categories. We also plotted a pooled dose–response curve of RR
of stroke according to potassium intake. Analyses were performed with
and without adjustment for blood pressure. Relative to the lowest
category of potassium intake, the highest category of potassium intake
was associated with a 13% reduced risk of stroke (RR=0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.94) in the blood pressure–adjusted analysis. Summary RRs
tended to decrease when original estimates were unadjusted for blood
pressure. Analysis for stroke subtypes yielded comparable results. In
the spline analysis, the pooled RR was lowest at 90 mmol of potassium daily intake (RRs=0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.86) in blood pressure–adjusted analysis, and 0.67 (95% CI 0.57–0.78) in unadjusted analysis.
Conclusions
Overall, this dose–response meta‐analysis confirms the inverse
association between potassium intake and stroke risk, with potassium
intake of 90 mmol (≈3500 mg)/day associated with the lowest risk of
stroke.
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