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Higher Abdominal Fat Linked to Faster Biological Aging
TOPLINE:
Abdominal adiposity was associated with accelerated biological aging across measures based on metabolomics, clinical biomarkers, and DNA methylation. Accelerated biological age predicted higher risks for cardiovascular (CV) disease, death, and frailty. Metabolic aging explained many of these associations.
METHODOLOGY:
- Researchers used data from a prospective Chinese cohort to assess whether abdominal adiposity was linked to accelerated biological aging and contributed to CV and general aging.
- They included adults aged 30-79 who were recruited between 2004 and 2008 and were free of CV disease at baseline. Clinical biomarker, metabolomic, and DNA methylation data were analyzed in 12,369, 4391, and 980 adults, respectively.
- Three biological age clocks were developed using blood metabolomics (MetaboAge), routine clinical biomarkers and physical measures (Klemera-Doubal method biological age [KDM-BA]), and DNA methylation (DNAm PhenoAge).
- Researchers examined associations of waist-to-hip ratio and its BMI-adjusted version with accelerated biological aging using both observational models and Mendelian randomization.
- Mediation analyses quantified the extent to which accelerated biological aging mediated associations between abdominal adiposity and CV aging (atherosclerotic CV disease [ASCVD] incidence and related mortality) and general aging (all-cause mortality and frailty).
TAKEAWAY:
- Both MetaboAge and KDM-BA predicted all-cause mortality more accurately than chronological age (P < .01 for both). DNAm PhenoAge did not add predictive value.
- Higher waist‐to‐hip ratio and its BMI‐adjusted version were linked to faster aging across all three clocks in observational analyses (P < .01 for all). Genetic evidence supported a potential causal effect (P < .05 for all).
- MetaboAge and KDM-BA accelerations were associated with increased risks for ASCVD and related mortality, as well as all-cause mortality. KDM-BA acceleration was also linked to a greater risk for frailty, whereas DNAm PhenoAge was linked only to all‑cause mortality.
- MetaboAge acceleration mediated about 10.5%-25.3% of the association between waist-to-hip ratio and CV aging, and up to 60.6% of the association with all‑cause mortality.
IN PRACTICE:
“Findings underscore the importance of considering fat distribution in aging research and highlight the potential for metabolically targeted interventions to slow biological aging in individuals with abdominal obesity. Moreover, interventions aimed at modulating aging process itself may help mitigate adverse health consequences associated with abdominal adiposity, offering a complementary strategy to traditional lifestyle or weight management approaches,” the researchers wrote.
SOURCE:
The study was led by Zhiyu Wu of Peking University in Beijing, China. It was published online on May 17 in Heart.
LIMITATIONS:
Causal findings were limited to the cohort and required external validation. Residual confounding or reverse causality could not be fully excluded. Sample sizes differed widely across the three measures of biological age.
DISCLOSURES:
The study received support from the National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Nova Program. The source cohort study received support from multiple international and national research grants. Core funding for the coordinating and analysis units was provided by major public research funders and health research organizations. The authors did not declare any competing interests.
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