Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Saturday, May 30, 2020

Study details molecular effects of exercise

When this becomes available you will want this test so you can monitor how effectively your doctor is getting you to the correct level of exercise and if you are getting enough exercise to prevent dementia. 

Study details molecular effects of exercise


MedicalXpress Breaking News-and-Events|May 28, 2020
A simple blood test may be able to determine how physically fit you are, according to a new study conducted by scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

The test could complement treadmill tests, a more traditional clinical evaluation of fitness, and provide individuals with far more nuanced information about their body's molecular response to exercise.
The blood test is an offshoot of a complex study conducted by a team of researchers that took hundreds of thousands of molecular measurements from a group of individuals before and after exercising.
"Everybody knows exercise is good for you, but we really don't know what drives that at a molecular level," said Michael Snyder, PhD, professor and chair of genetics. "Our goal at the outset was to conduct a highly comprehensive analysis of what's happening in the body just after exercising."
The team tracked molecular markers of a wide array of biological processes, such as metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Hundreds of thousands of measurements from 36 study participants provided a window into the sea of chemical fluctuations the body experiences during intense exercise. To the scientists' knowledge, such comprehensive measurements of post-exercise molecular fluctuations have never been performed. What's more, the team saw that the participants who were most physically fit shared similar molecular signatures in their resting blood samples captured before exercise.
"It gave us the idea that we could develop a test to predict someone's level of fitness," said Kévin Contrepois, PhD, director of metabolomics and lipidomics in the Department of Genetics. "Aerobic fitness is one of the best measures of longevity, so a simple blood test that can provide that information would be valuable to personal health monitoring."
With the preliminary data, the team has created a proof-of-principle test, for which they've filed a patent application. The test is not currently available to the public.
A paper describing the study will be published May 28 in Cell. Snyder, who holds the Stanford W. Ascherman, MD, FACS, Professorship in Genetics, and Francois Haddad, MD, clinical professor of medicine, are co-senior authors of the study. Contrepois shares lead authorship with postdoctoral scholars Si Wu, PhD, and Daniel Hornburg, PhD, and with clinical assistant professor Kegan Moneghetti, MD, PhD.
A flurry of change
Snyder's team set out to better understand the molecular shifts that underlie changes in physical fitness. The gold standard of medical fitness assessments is a peak VO2 test, which measures a person's peak oxygen consumption during intense exercise and uses the score as a proxy for aerobic fitness. But Snyder and his team wanted more detail—specifically, about the ways in which exercise initiates change at the molecular level.
They performed VO2 testing for 36 individuals, including Snyder, on a treadmill. Participants, both male and female, had an average body mass index of 29 kilograms/meter squared, and their age range was from 40 to 75 years old. Before the treadmill test, the researchers drew a baseline blood sample. Participants then donned an oxygen-measuring mask and ran at a slight incline until they reached peak oxygen consumption, at which point they stopped and got off the treadmill. The researchers took blood samples from participants 2 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after they had reached their peaks.
"All of these measurements allow us to describe a choreography of molecular events that occur after physical exercise," Snyder said. "We know that exercise causes an array of physiological responses, such as inflammation, metabolism, and hormone fluctuation, but these measurements allowed us to characterize those changes in unprecedented detail."
It turns out that in the first 2 minutes post-exercise, the body experiences an intense flurry of molecular activity. In most participants, molecular markers of inflammation, tissue healing and oxidative stress, a natural byproduct of metabolism, spiked sharply shortly after hopping off the treadmill, as their bodies began to recover. Molecular markers of metabolism varied, Snyder said. At 2 minutes, blood samples revealed evidence that the body was metabolizing certain amino acids for energy, but it switched to metabolizing glucose, a type of sugar, around 15 minutes. "The body breaks down glycogen as part of its exercise recovery response, so that's why we see that spike a little later," Snyder said. Glycogen is a form of stored glucose.
As part of the study, Snyder also compared the molecular response in individuals who were insulin resistant, meaning they're unable to process glucose properly, with the response in individuals who could process glucose normally. "The main difference we see is that insulin resistant individuals have a dampened immune response post-exercise," he said.
Blood test for fitness
Although it wasn't the team's original intent, they noticed some consistencies in the baseline measurements of the participants who performed better on the peak VO2 test. In these individuals, the researchers saw a strong correlation between a set of molecules and an individual's level of aerobic fitness. They discovered a collection of thousands of molecules—including markers of immunity, metabolism and muscle activity—that correlate with a person's aerobic fitness. "At this point, we don't fully understand the connection between some of these markers and how they are related to better fitness," Snyder said. The researchers hope to unravel those connections in a future investigation.
Snyder said that because the molecular profiling done in the study was so thorough, it wouldn't be practical for doctors to use in their clinics; it would be expensive and provide more information than necessary. But his team is working on whittling down the biomarkers to those that are most representative of a person's fitness level in an effort to make the test practical for broader use. Already, the team is developing an algorithm to select a subset of these molecules that are highly correlative to peak VO2 results, Contrepois said. As the researchers continue to optimize the fitness test, they hope it can one day be a faster, cheaper and more convenient way for people to objectively measure aerobic fitness.

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