Get mental help if you think this will ever reach your hospital, they haven't even gotten music therapy installed! HOW MUCH MORE FUCKING INCOMPETENCE DO YOU NEED DISPLAYED BEFORE YOU REALIZE YOUR STROKE HOSPITAL DOESN'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT 100% STROKE RECOVERY?
The Effect of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Balance, Gait and Kinesiophobia in Individuals With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose
Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is well established for post-stroke gait rehabilitation, but its potential effects on psychological and behavioral outcomes are less clear. This study investigated the effects of adding RAGT to conventional rehabilitation on balance, gait, kinesiophobia, and movement confidence in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis.
Methods
This single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 60 individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis (50–75 years), randomly allocated to an RAGT group (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University (Approval No. 20.01.2022/05; approval date: 20 January 2022). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation for 8 weeks; the RAGT group additionally received 24 sessions of RAGT. Kinesiophobia was a prespecified study outcome assessed using the Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS); balance, gait, and balance confidence were also assessed. All 60 randomized participants completed follow-up and were analyzed in their assigned groups.
Results
Significant group × time interactions were observed for several outcomes, including BBS, TUG duration, 10MWT walking speed, ABC, and KCS total score (p < 0.05). The between-group difference in change for KCS total score was −0.36 (95% CI: −0.51 to −0.21; partial eta squared = 0.292). In post hoc analyses adjusting each outcome for its baseline value, significant group effects remained for BBS, TUG duration, 10MWT walking speed, ABC, KCS biological domain, and KCS total score (p< = 0.031), whereas 10MWT step count and the KCS psychological domain were no longer statistically significant.
Discussion
Adding RAGT to conventional rehabilitation was associated with greater improvements in several balance, mobility, walking-speed, balance-confidence, and kinesiophobia outcomes compared with conventional rehabilitation alone. These findings suggest potential additional physical and psychological benefits of incorporating RAGT into post-stroke rehabilitation. However, because the RAGT group received greater overall treatment exposure, the observed between-group differences cannot be attributed solely to the robotic component. The principal contribution of this study is the concurrent evaluation of kinesiophobia and movement confidence alongside physical outcomes.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no financial, commercial, personal, or institutional relationships that could have influenced this work. The RoboGait device was already available as part of routine clinical practice and was not provided, loaned, or funded by BAMA Technology or its distributor for this study. Neither the manufacturer nor any distributor had any role in study design, participant recruitment, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or the decision to submit the manuscript. The authors have no commercial, financial, or institutional affiliation with the manufacturer or distributor.
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Due to ethical restrictions related to patient confidentiality, the data are not publicly available.
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